دراسة حول تدريس مفردات اللغة الإنجلیزية من خلال نظرية الاستعارة المفاهیمیة لطلاب اللغة الإنجلیزية كلغة أجنبیة

- Achour, A. and Kouraba, R., 2016. Facilitating the learning of English idioms through conceptual metaphor theory: An experimental study on upper-intermediate students at MMUTO. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(12), pp.98–110.

- Boers, F. and Lindstromberg, S., 2008. Cognitive linguistic approaches to teaching vocabulary and phraseology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

- Brown, J. D. (2005) Testing in Language Programs: A Comprehensive Guide to English Language Assessment. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents.

- Chan Wang, X. and Ying Yuan, L., 2024. A study on the influence of conceptual metaphor on college English teaching: A mixed-method investigation. English Teaching & Learning, 10(1), pp.1–20.

- Chua, S. (2013) Visual metaphors and layouts for planning your life. Sacha Chua’s Blog [Blog]. 30 July. Available at: https://sachachua.com/blog/2013/07/visual-metaphors-and-layouts-for-planning-your-life/ (Accessed: 23 August 2025).

- Fatah, A.H. & Karim, H.A. (2023) ‘Kurdish Undergraduate EFL Students’ Perspectives on Using Conceptual Metaphor-based Approach in Teaching English Idioms’, Journal of University of Human Development, 9(1), pp. 26–37. doi: 10.21928/juhd.v9n1y2023.pp26-37

- Gibbs, R.W., 2006. Embodiment and cognitive science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

- Hama, H.A. (2023) ‘Metaphors of diseases in the Kurdish language: Cancer as an example’, Journal for Humanities (JZSB), University of Sulaimani, 25(2), pp. 231–232.

- Hauk, O., Johnsrude, I. & Pulvermüller, F., 2004. Somatotopic representation of action words in human motor and premotor cortex. Neuron, 41(2), pp.301–307.

- Jawad, H.F. (2021) ‘A cognitive analysis of HEART idioms in Kurdish from the perspective of Image Schema Theory’, Journal for Humanities (JZSB), University of Sulaimani, 22(2), pp. 593–611.

- Jezhny, K. A. 2024. A Cognitive‑Semantic Study of Love Metaphor in Mawlawi Poems. *Zanco Journal of Human Sciences*, 28(5), pp.206–289.

- Johnson, M., 1987. The body in the mind: The bodily basis of meaning, imagination, and reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

- Karim, H.A. & Fatah, A.H. (2022) ‘A conceptual metaphor-based approach to facilitate English idiom comprehension by Kurdish university students of EFL’, Koya University Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences, 5(1), pp. 175–188. doi: 10.14500/kujhss.v5n1y2022.pp175-188.

- Kövecses, Z., 2002. Metaphor: A practical introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

- Kövecses, Z., 2005. Metaphor in culture: Universality and variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

- Kövecses, Z. (2010) Metaphor: A Practical Introduction (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

- Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M., 1980. Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

- Langacker, R.W., 1987. Foundations of cognitive grammar: Theoretical prerequisites (Vol. 1). Stanford: Stanford University Press.

- Mustafa, K.R. and Hakeem, S.N.H., 2023. Teaching proverbs using conceptual metaphors: A case study of Kurdish EFL university students. Qalaai Zanist Scientific Journal, 8(3), pp.1–23. doi:10.25212/lfu.qzj.8.3.45

- Nation, I.S.P., 2001. Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

- Paivio, A., 1991. Dual coding theory: Retrospect and current status. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 45(3), pp.255–287.

- Pham, T.H. and To, Q.T., 2019. The application of conceptual metaphors to teaching English idioms to English majored students in Vietnam. Journal of Second Language Learning, 5(1), pp.77–94.

- Roediger, H.L. and Karpicke, J.D., 2006. The power of testing memory: Basic research and implications for educational practice. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(3), pp.181–210.

- Sardaraz, K., Rashid, R. A. and Nusrat, A. (2022) ‘The semantics of the preposition “alā” in the Quran: a conceptual metaphor perspective’, Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 788582. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.788582

- Schmitt, N., 2000. Vocabulary in language teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

- Shadish, W.R., Cook, T.D. & Campbell, D.T., 2002. Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

- Shokouhi, H. & Isazadeh, A., 2009. The effect of teaching conceptual and image metaphors to EFL learners.

- International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 19(2), pp.23–38.

- Tsitoura, M., 2023. Conceptual metaphor theory in English language teaching: Developing EFL learners’ metaphor awareness. Journal of Applied Linguistics, 14(2), pp.45–62.

- Vecteezy (2023) Defense Fortress Illustration [online image]. Available at: https://www.vecteezy.com (Accessed 23 August 2025)