Zanco Journal of Human Sciences

Mental Fitness and Its Relationship to Systemic Thinking of a Kindergarten Teacher in the Kurdistan Region – Iraq

2023-03-28T07:26:59+03:00

The current research aims to identify the level of mental fitness of the kindergarten teachers in the Kurdistan region / Iraq, the statistical difference in the level of mental fitness of the kindergarten teachers in the Kurdistan region / Iraq according to the variables (province, length of teaching experience, economic status, health status), the level of systemic thinking with kindergarten teachers in the Kurdistan region / Iraq, the statistical difference in the level of systemic thinking of the kindergarten teachers in the Kurdistan region / Iraq according to the variables (province, years of teaching experience, economic status, health status), mental fitness and its relationship to the systemic thinking of the kindergarten teachers in the Kurdistan region / Iraq according to the variables (province, years of teaching experience, economic status, health status) where the research sample reached (336) kindergarten teachers in the Kurdistan region / Iraq for the academic year (2021-2022), distributed as follows:

The province of Erbil (91), Dohuk (91), Sulaymaniyah (127), and Halabja (27), and to achieve the objectives of the research, the two researchers made a mental fitness scale for the kindergarten teachers. The scale consisted of (31) items with two alternatives (0, 1) and the construction of the systemic thinking scale, which consisted of (36) items, with five alternatives (0,1,2,3,4). The face validity and psychometric characteristics of the mental fitness scale and the systemic thinking scale were extracted. The stability of the mental fitness scale reached (0.72) and the systemic thinking scale was (0.70). The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to process the data, and the study reached the following results:

The level of mental fitness is high for the kindergarten teachers.
There is a difference in the level of mental fitness of the kindergarten teachers, according to the province variable, in favor of Sulaymaniyah and Halabja provinces.
There is no difference in the level of mental fitness of the kindergarten teachers according to the variable of years of teaching experience.
There is no difference in the level of mental fitness of the kindergarten teachers, according to the economic status variable.
There is a difference in the level of mental fitness of the kindergarten teacher, according to the health status variable.
The level of systemic thinking is high for the kindergarten teachers.

7.There is a difference in the level of systemic thinking of the kindergarten teacher according to the governorate variable and in favor of Erbil governorate.

8.There is a difference in the level of systemic thinking of the kindergarten teacher, according to the variable of years of service.

There is no difference in the level of systemic thinking of the kindergarten teacher according to the variable of economic status.
There is a difference in the level of systemic thinking of the kindergarten teachers, according to the health status variable.
There is a correlation between the mental fitness and the systemic thinking of the kindergarten teachers according to the variables (province, length of teaching experience, economic status, health status).

Through the results, the two researchers reached a set of recommendations and proposals.

The Special of Relational Art in the Work of Artists Hiwa Karim and Narmen Mustafa

2023-04-18T08:38:18+03:00

In general, this research titled the special of Relational Art in the work of artists (Hiwa karim and Narim Mustafa), which is formed in four parts, is the first part of the research. And the importance of research and the purpose of research and the boundaries of research as well as determining the dialects, generally The first part: the art movement that paved the way for the production of art (Relational at), The art of Relational art in the contemporary world is the third part of the research process, which is the research community, the research program, and the tool Data analysis, data analysis that the researcher has used to achieve the results by using scientific research procedures and the method of describing the analysis. The fourth season will produce results, recommendations, and research proposals that will be concluded.

Industries in the Provinces of Khorasan and Transoxiana During the Two Centuries (5-6 AH / 11-12 AD) (Historical Analytical Study)

2023-05-11T09:37:19+03:00

In the two eras (5-6 AH / 11-12 AD) in the provinces of Khorasan and Transoxiana, it was very interested in the industrial aspects due to the abundance of natural and diverse resources, especially the quantity of agricultural and animal productions and natural minerals in the region, which was used at that time as raw materials in industrial productions, which It had a direct impact in showing the most important industrial and productive centers in the two regions mentioned, and on the other hand, the commercial relations with the neighboring regions and the countries of China affected the development of industrial methods. The study analyzed this information through a comparative study to know about the history of production and industry in that region. The study consists of an introduction and two main sections and announcing the results at the end of the research. The first section dealt with showing the most important basic industries in the two regions, and the second section was devoted to showing the secondary industries in the region.

Urartian Dead Burial Tradition

2023-05-29T09:56:00+03:00

The investigation consists of headlines such as: typological classification of graves and treasures, sacred places, architectural ornamentations, grave remains and with the help of these information burial traditions.

In Urartu civilization governors were buried together into the big castles or rock graves with many rooms whereas ordinary people according to their social status were buried into room graves built underground, simple soil graves, or after being burn they were buried into the cubes called ‘urne’. The dead body was burned just beside the graveyard. Burned bones were used to be located properly into the cube and the cube was covered by another pot. Urartian King tombs have monumental specialties.

There are many royal tombs-chambers in the rocks of Van Kale (Tuşpa) which have been made by engraving the rocks properly and within a plan. The front façade architecture of these wonderful monumental tombs shows the ability of Urartians. These tombs are organized from different and various sized chambers. Therefore, the information about the dead burial customs in Urartians are tried to be obtained from the archaeological findings only.

Phonological Indicators Indicationg Psychological Discourse in the Imperatives of Al-Maarri (Selected Models)

2023-06-25T08:45:11+03:00

Since humans express their emotions through words and sounds, there is no doubt that there is a close connection between language and human behaviour. Therefore, humans use language in response to specific events. This research will shed light on the (indicator of definitive phonemes) that indicate the psychological discourse in the book (Al-Lizumiat) of Abi Al-Alaa Al-Maari, as this collection is packed with creative images that illustrate his psychological states. The vocal characteristics have a significant impact on elucidating the poet's psychological conditions. A descriptive and analytic examination have been conducted of the selected poems and stanzas from (Al-Lizumiat) for their unilateral and dual characteristics. (Alsfyr, alqlqlh, alghnh, altkrar, altfshy) and the binary characteristics (aljhr walhms, alenfjar walehtkak waltwst, aletbaq walanftah, alast'ela' walastfal). The research consists of a summary, an introduction, two chapters, results, as well as a list of references.

Psychological Reflections in the Paintings of the Artist Dara Muhammad Ali

2023-05-28T20:18:47+03:00

The tagged research dealt with (Psychological reflections on the paintings of the artist Dara Muhammad Ali), an artistic analytical study consisting of four chapters. And the importance of research, its objectives and limits, and the definition of terms. The second chapter is devoted to the theoretical framework, and it includes two sections: the first topic: is emotions and art, and the second topic: is theories of emotion (James' Theory – Cannon Bard's theory - Schachter’s Two-Factors Theory - Le Deux's theory), and the third topic: is psychological reflection in the artwork, and then choosing the indicators of the theoretical framework and previous studies, then comes the third chapter: it is concerned with research procedures, which consists of the research community, the research sample, and the research methodology, which includes (3) samples. The fourth and final chapter is concerned with the results and conclusions of the research, The researchers presented some recommendations and suggestions, and finally a list of sources.

The Semantics of Verbs in Mam Jalal's Presidential Speeches

2023-07-11T17:58:02+03:00

Arabic stands out for its inflectional system and is described as a derivational and inflectional language. It plays a crucial role in constructing and understanding discourse.

Discourse has gained widespread interest among scholars and researchers in linguistic studies. Its diverse nature makes it an inclusive field of study, not limited to literature alone. It can be examined through linguistic elements, which form the foundation of discourse and serve as the sole means of influencing the audience.

We conducted a study titled "The Semantics of Verbs in Mama Jalal's Presidential Speeches." We specifically focused on abstract and transitive verbs used in Mama Jalal's speeches, analyzing their purposes and their impact on the audience. We demonstrated this through a scientific plan divided into two sections. The first section focused on abstract verbs and their semantics. The second section was dedicated to transitive verbs and their three types.

The Belbas Tribes and the Revolt of Sheikh Ubaidullah Nahari (1880)

2023-06-15T22:07:30+03:00

Belbas was a tribal union, in the nineteenth century consisting of the tribes of Mamash, Mangur, Piran, Sen, Ramk, Hormzyar and Gowrk, they lived and moved mostly in a nomadic and semi-nomadic manner near the border areas between the Ottoman states in Mosul and Sharazoor provinces on the one hand and in the Mukriani region of the Qajar state on the other. Therefore, they were often attacked by these two states, This situation forced them to be in a state of instability, rebellion and uprising and to participate in any movement and revolution that occurred in the region in order to get rid of the oppression by the two states, Therefore, they participated in the revolution of Sheikh Obaidullah in (1880) and the army of the tribes of Belbas, especially on the Mukriyan front, became the leader of the army of the revolution and participated in it, After the failure of the revolution, The Qajar government brutally attacked the people and villages of the Belbas tribes, killing, destroying and looting them, At the same time, many of the Belbas tribes were displaced in Ottoman territory and lived in misery, This situation has attracted the attention and questions of the researchers, With what cruel and revengeful spirit did the Qajar state attack the people of the revolutionary areas in general and the Balbas areas in particular, Therefore, it is necessary to search for information in the documents of the revolutionary days in the Ottoman and Qajar archives to show the destruction and tragedy that was committed against the people of Mukriyan and Balbas tribes.

Shia and Ajam in the Worldview of Salim Poet

2023-07-16T10:27:19+03:00

This study is titled "Shia and Ajam in the Worldview of Salim Poet" It is an attempt to express Salim's idea (1805-1869) about the Shia and Ajam (Persian) sects, whose sects and nations are so mixed enough that have complemented each other, and in the past hundreds of years, both the sect and the nation have had relations and influence on the Kurds.

In Salim's diwan، the view of the poet towards the Shia sect is clearly visible, he mention them and express his opinion about them, Salim goes into the core of the problem between Shia and Sunni, returning to historical events, especially the conflict between Shia and Sunni over the Caliphs of Rashidun, even Tehran, which appears as the symbol and the center of the rule of Ajam and Shia, has taken a specific place in Salim's worldview, the whole of his poems appears, Salim has clearly expressed his worldview and views on Shia and Ajam.

Kurdish Relations with the Iraqi Government (March 11, 1970 - March 10, 1974) in the Iranian Official Newspapers

2023-06-09T20:02:18+03:00

The years between (March/11/1970-March/10/1974) was an important period in the history of Kurdish relations with the Iraqi government. The announcement of the (March 11) declaration and the recognition of autonomy to the southern Kurds was a valuable achievement for this part of Kurdistan. The Kurds participated in the Iraqi government with five ministers. Newroz was recognized as an official holiday throughout Iraq. The administration of Kurdistan except Kirkuk was given to the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP). However, during this period, the Iraqi government and the PDK failed to reach a complete agreement and the war between them resumed. During this period, relations between the Kurds and the Iraqi government experienced many ups and downs. This study is devoted to highlighting these relations from the perspective of Iran's official newspapers that have paid great attention to these relations. Because the Iranian government was against the (March 11) agreement. Therefore, the Iranian official newspapers have done their best to prevent the agreement between the Kurds and the Iraqi government to fail and the war between them to resume, and the Kurds lose this achievement.

Statistical Analysis of the Geographical Distribution of Industrial Products in Erbil Governorate (Economic Geography Study)

2023-07-17T07:18:38+03:00

The title of this research (Statistical analysis of the geographical distribution of industrial products in Erbil Governorate), an attempt to identify the statistics of the geographical distribution of industrial products in Erbil Governorate (using Geographic Information System (GIS)), it is of particular importance in promoting economic development in the region. Industrial products are among the necessary products that must be provided to the population, because it is a major aspect of the development and economic progress of the region and earning income for individuals in the community. Erbil Governorate, using the Geographic Information System (GIS), the research consists of an introduction, two main topics, and several conclusions. Each topic includes several topics, in the first topic: the statistical methods for mapping industrial crops in Erbil Governorate are highlighted, the second topic discusses the analysis of methods for industrial products in Erbil Governorate.

The Signs of Religious Violence in Religious Discourse Friday's Speech in the Raparin Administration as an Example

2023-07-09T09:06:03+03:00

This research tries to analyze the four texts of the speeches received in the mosques of the Raparin administration، all of which are related to the New Year's Celebration due to the situation of the New Year and the participation of Muslims in this celebration and the question of the right and wrong (halal and haram) on the one hand، Penance، and the disbelief of Muslim participants on the other side، which is interpreted as a sign of speech and language for the growth of extremist thought. In society and the development of violence ideas by young people، as an effect of religious discourse on social action.

Learning Difficulties in General Music Theories for Students of Fine Arts Institutes

2023-07-27T16:56:13+03:00

Research aims to identify the differences in learning difficulties in the subject of the general theories of music in general and according to the differences in the gender of the students (male and female) and the academic stage (first and third). Research methodology is descriptive. The sample consisted of (195) male and female students at the Institute of Fine Arts. The questionnaire was prepared by the researcher and it consisted of (32) items. After verifying the psychometric characteristics, the scale was applied to the final sample. In procedures, statistical bag (SPSS) was used. The results showed that learning difficulties of general theories of music among the Fine Arts Institutes students were less than expected, difficulties of females were more compared to males, students of the third stage had a lower level of difficulties compared to male, but the differences did not reach the level of statistical significance. In the light of the results, Researcher offered a number of recommendations and proposals.

Situation of Services in the Field of Juvenile Care in Erbil Women and Children Correctional Directorate

2023-07-17T07:52:18+03:00

The study's goal is to portray the service situation in the field of juvenile care at Erbil's Women and Children Correctional Directorate, as seen through the eyes of juveniles, instructors, social and psychological researchers. This is a descriptive analytical research using mixed methodologies, including a detailed social survey and interviews. For social sciences, statistical software (SPSS) was employed. The Erbil Women and Children Correctional Directorate is the research community. Results: Males make up the majority of juveniles, and females are historically less likely to be sent to women's and children's penal institutions; the service situation in the field of juvenile care is favorable, according to adolescents, teachers, social and psychological researchers. The coordination between official and casual functions is excellent. It has been recommended to the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs to enhance services. Suggestion; Conduct a comparable study, but make it more extensive and incorporate many additional facets of juvenile care.

The Relationship of Education to Coexistence

2023-09-19T09:24:59+03:00

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between education and coexistence. To this end, a descriptive method using a survey design was employed and disproportionate stratified sampling was used. A total sample of 400 secondary school students were studied.

The results of the study reveal that education has a positive effect on co-existence with the effect size of 0.543. This means that with the increase of each standard deviation of education, the coexistence increases by 0.543 standard deviations and vice versa.

It was also shown that among the dimensions of education, only commitment to norms had an effect on education, whereas the other dimensions have an effect as a package on coexistence. This tells that education should be directed at students as a complete package in order to have its effect.

The Level of Moral Values Among Children of Kindergarten

2023-07-23T09:23:09+03:00

The aim of this study is to determine the moral values among kindergarten children, and the level of moral values according to the values (honesty, trust, permission, justice). The researcher identified four main areas of moral values: First area: Honesty. Second area: Trust, Third area: Permission, and Fourth area: Justice. The moral value scale consists of 24 items and is divided into four direct areas: 4 items for the first area, which is honesty, 4 items for the second area, which is justice, and 8 items for the third area, which is trust. (8 items for the fourth area, permission, is answered by choosing one of the three alternatives (never, sometimes, always). 400 Children, the aim of this study is to determine the level of moral values among kindergarten children and we found that the moral evidence at the level of (0.05), and the level of moral values according to the values as a result, there is a meaningful difference among (honesty, trust, permission, justice.

Finally, the researcher reached to some recommendations related to the current study in the light of the results.

The USA position toward Kurdish Refugees in Iran 1974- 1977.

2023-07-10T13:59:03+03:00

The aim of this research is to study the United States of America’s position toward the Kurdish revolution and the Kurdish Refugees in Iran, as the case of Kurdish refugees became the most widespread topics during the last years and beyond of the Kurdish September Revolution (Eylul), It is worth mentioned that this issue occurred when the Iraqi Government from one side issued the Autonomy Pact for Kurdistan in March 1974 and the Kurdistan Democratic Party had refused that decision, this lead to re-escalation war for another year between the two sides. As a result (200000) Kurds took refuge in Iran, where some of them via UNHCR applied for refugee status in the Western Countries including the USA, therefore, it has been seen important to choose this topic for a scientific research to outline the USA attitude toward the Kurdish Refugees appeal in Iran.

The Dialectic of Receipt in the Kurdish Postmodern Art (Body Art as An Example)

2023-07-30T19:34:46+03:00

The aim of this research is to present the dialectic of postmodern Kurdish painting and body art as an example. To what extent does the recipient have a creative role in body art? The second question is: Do some pieces show different styles from Kurdish postmodern art? This is followed by its importance, purpose, limitations, and definitions. The second part explains concepts of reception theory such as the interaction between the text and the reader, the horizon of expectation, gaps, and aesthetic gaps, as well as the role of the future in postmodern art.

Also referred to are body art performances by Kurdish artists, which have different styles that create an active and substantial dialectic between the visual text and the recipient. In the expectation horizon concept, the messages are somewhat vague and clear, so it sometimes requires the recipient to have an informed cultural background. The recipient also seeks discovery and interpretation to fill it, and sometimes many questions arise, but the aesthetic gap between two visual texts is a clear, unique, and indisputable dimension.

The Role of Bad Parenting Styles on Adolescent Deviance- An Analytical Study

2023-10-30T08:22:14+03:00

considers the family to be the most essential institute for socialization, in which an individual evolves from an organic being into a social being which capable of learning and being guided by social norms, values, and customs. in this context, the main purpose of this study is to assess the negative effects of bad parenting such as authoritarianism, rejection, inflexibility, negligence, overprotection, pampering, excessive leniency, discrimination and violence on adolescents. The research paper includes of three main parts, with the first focusing on the scope of the project, including problem statement, significance, the purpose of the research, and definitions of the terms employed in the research. The second part focuses on the contribution of erroneous family education strategies to adolescent deviation, while the last part presents the results and recommendations of this research.

Obstacles Facing Researchers and Reflections on Scientific Research in the Media Departments of Universities in the Region Kurdistan

2023-11-12T21:43:33+03:00

The topic of this research is (obstacles facing researchers and their reflection in scientific research of the Department of Media of Kurdistan Regional Universities). r reflected in the research of the fourth year of the bachelor's degree in the evening media and The aim of the research is to determine the amount of various obstacles facing the researcher Fourth Bachelor's Degree in Morning and Evening Media, Sulaimani University and Salahaddin University This research has several implications for media and academic studies, the most important of which is (touch on another wound of the body of the Kurdish Media Academy to find a solution, in other words, identifying problems and Scientific suggestions to solve the problem)The research community includes researchers from the morning and evening media departments of the Kurdistan Regional University for the academic year (2022-2023). It is the mirror of the research, the most important conclusion that the researcher's understanding is that economic, academic and time constraints are fully reflected in the research

Guidance Verbs in Abnormal Qur’anic Readings in Al-Muhtasib’s Book on Clarifying the Faces of Abnormal Readings and Clarification Narrated by Ibn Jinni (D. 392 AH)

2023-09-05T17:13:38+03:00

This research, tagged with the directive verbs in the abnormal Quranic readings in the book of Al-Muhtasib in explaining the faces of abnormal readings and clarifying them by Ibn Jinni (d. And the appeal in the aberrant readings in questioning their structure and dialogue in the light of the concept of verbal verbs in the deliberative, and that deliberative concept in dealing with the linguistic event during the speech and communication process. However, the title of the directive verbs in abnormal Quranic readings is a record full of verbal verbs. And the prohibition in abnormal readings, the book of Al-Muhtasib in explaining the faces of abnormal readings and clarifying them) by Ibn Jinni (d.) with the inclusion of applied examples of Quranic readings in the book of Al-Muhtasib and the linguistic analysis of the method of guidance with these structural methods in these abnormal readings that Ibn Jinni included in his book (Al-Muhtasib). On the sources and references approved in writing this in search.

Electronic Marketing, its Elements and Controls from the Perspective of Islamic Economics

2023-11-13T07:21:47+03:00

With the advancement of technology, the Internet, and the expansion of the electronics space, electronic marketing has emerged globally, especially in developed countries, which is an extension of traditional marketing, but the difference between them lies in the use of electronic tools, methods, and methods instead of traditional marketing processes and strategies.

E-marketing, which consists of four elements (product, pricing, distribution, and promotion), saves a lot of effort and time for its workers, and also results in significantly lower costs for them compared to traditional marketing.

In our research entitled (Electronic marketing, its elements and controls from the perspective of Islamic economics) we try to address the definition of electronic marketing and explain the terms related to it, as well as the definition of the four main elements and what is related to them, and then provide the legal controls for each one of them, because marketing, in its traditional and electronic types, emerges from its nature, concept, operations and strategies. Positive economic thought, especially the capitalist system prevailing in the world, must therefore be governed by Sharia controls, to avoid conflict with the provisions of Islamic Sharia.

Aesthetic Perception in Kurdish Theatrical Performance - A Case Study of the Play (The Continuous Story)

2023-11-14T23:17:33+03:00

Theatrical art and philosophy have a complementary, multidimensional relationship, in that they explore fundamental questions about the human condition and the nature of reality. Therefore, this research is a study to understand the philosophical-aesthetic dimension of presenting the play (The Continuing Story) from Kurdish culture, written and directed by (Ahmed Salar), with the aim of answering the question (What are the aesthetic concepts that are observed in the presentation of the play (The Continuing Story)?) In the theoretical framework, some of the aesthetic ideas of art were discussed, and then these different ideas and their impact on the presentation sample were analyzed, to conclude that:

Relying on narrative, by rereading Kurdish culture from a contemporary point of view, which is close to Aristotle’s aesthetic thought for art. As for the dramatic structure, the Aristotelian dramatic structure has been broken and relies more on contemporary theories.
Giving new dimensions to the cultural and material elements used in the display, reflecting Heidegger’s philosophical thought for the elements that are embodied in the artistic space.
Creating a surreal world mixed with the real world, by mixing a traditional children’s story and linking it to the Kurdish political reality.
The artwork is used as a mirror to read the history and culture of the Kurdish nation and the reflection of politics in it, and it is close to what Albert Camus believes that art is a reflection of reality.
The artist’s experience and outlook on the artwork is not seen as an individual experience, but rather an expression of the depth of the experience of Kurdish society, and it is close to Dewey’s perception of art.
Raising questions with the aim of reviewing culture and its reflection in society’s present and future reading, which is considered the essence and beginning of philosophical thought from its inception until now.
Entering different layers of reality, from telling children’s stories to talking about society, history, politics, and predicting the future.
Emphasizing the repeated mistakes that led to the failure of the Kurdish revolutions by linking them to children’s stories that reflect living ideas in the context of Kurdish society.

The Stages of Interpretation are Included in the Adage

2023-11-01T08:02:08+03:00

This study deals with the subject of the history of the stages through which the interpretation movement went through and its gradation, starting with the era of the prophethood, passing through the era of the companions and the followers as well as the era of the followers of the followers, as the study dealt with the features and characteristics of these eras, which is called the stage of the righteous predecessors, there were many advantages in that blessed era and it was interpretation has a special path and a distinctive approach that distinguishes it from the rest of the stages. Because of their closeness to the era of the prophecy and their infallibility from strife, political changes, and intellectual disputes that existed at the time, and they did not care about these issues, rather they devoted themselves to good worship, acquiring knowledge of the Book of God Almighty, and they sat in exegetical councils, and narrated the interpretation from some, generation after generation, and after them came an era the interpreters - classification and authorship - are the owners of the books of interpretation, and the study showed the state of interpretation in this era and the way of the interpreters in it, and also explained the overlapping of the successive stages of the gradation of interpretation in the tradition.

The Impact of Authentic Leadership on Workplace Spirituality Analytical Study of the Opinions of Academic Staff in International Universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

2023-04-18T19:05:55+03:00

The focus of this study was to investigate the impact of authentic leadership on workplace spirituality among academic staff at international universities. A quantitative technique (questionnaires) was used to collect data from 170 academic staff from six out of seven international universities. The results of this study indicate that authentic leadership has an important role in creating spirituality in the workplace. The results also confirmed that there is a significant correlation between the dimensions of authentic leadership (Relational Transparency, Internal Moral Perspective, Self-Awarenes, and Balance Processing), with workplace spirituality as a whole, and its Self-Awareness has the strongest correlation with workplace spirituality. Furthermore, the research shows that the impact of authentic leadership and its dimensions on workplace spirituality among academic staff statistically is significant, and among the dimensions of authentic leadership Self-Awareness has the greatest influence on the existence of spirituality in the workplace. Finally, future qualitative studies are needed to provide deeper insight.

Choisir Une Méthode De Langue: Présentation De « L’atelier » (Editions Didier) Pour Les Niveaux A1 Et B1

2023-02-15T12:11:42+03:00

Au fil de l’évolution des approches les maisons d’édition ont su adapter les méthodes de langues afin de répondre aux besoins des apprenants mais également des enseignants et formateurs. Aujourd’hui le marché de la formation en français langue étrangère propose un très large panel de manuels assortis de guides pédagogiques, de cahiers d’activités et de ressources numériques. Difficile alors de s’y retrouver et de choisir une méthode adaptée à ses pratiques de classe et à son public. Quels critères faut-il prendre en compte dans son choix? Cet article se propose de présenter la méthode « L’Atelier », aux niveau A1 et B1, de façon détaillée afin d’en comprendre le fonctionnement et l’utilisation qu’il sera possible d’en faire en classe.

The Image of Mammy in Lynn Nottage’s by the Way, Meet Vera Stark

2023-07-23T19:51:40+03:00

Certain dominant images are created and disseminated through various modes of communication to define black women in the United States. The purpose of this research is to examine the Mammy image in Lynn Nottag's play, By the Way, Meet Vera Stark. It tends to analyze the constructed image of black womanhood in America's mainstream culture by examining the stereotypical depiction of the central character, Vera, and her role in the Hollywood film. The image is analyzed from the perspective of black feminist theories. Through contextual clues and context-based analysis, the systematic construction of the image in a white-dominated culture is revealed. The study's findings conclude that racist images are created to determine and justify black women's subordinate status in society. The author defies the image as an inhumane misrepresentation of black womanhood and hopes for radical illumination of the distorted image of black women and its ideological legacy that black women can only be servants.

EFL University Students’ Attitudes Towards the Effect of Implementing Contextualized Grammar Teaching on Developing their Writing Skills

2023-08-02T15:45:26+03:00

This study aims at investigating EFL university students’ attitudes towards the effect of implementing contextualized (explicit/ implicit) grammar teaching on developing their writing skills. A total of 34 second-year undergraduate students who were enrolled in the evening class of the English Department/ College of Basic Education/ Salahaddin University-Erbil took part in the study. The students were randomly assigned into two groups, ensuring an equal number of participants in each group. The first group was exposed to contextualized explicit grammar teaching, while the second group received contextualized implicit grammar teaching. To gather the intended data, two sets of questionnaires were designed by the researchers and administered to the groups. The analysis revealed that the students stated positive attitudes towards the use of both methods for developing their writing skills. Nevertheless, contextualized explicit grammar teaching received a higher level of the students’ agreement. The study ended with some conclusions and suggestions for further studies.

Mapping History; Surveying the Unfathomable in Pynchon’s Mason & Dix

2023-09-04T19:27:06+03:00

This article examines Thomas Pynchon's Mason and Dixon, as a leading example of historiographical metafiction which seamlessly blends fictional narratives with factual elements. This novel explores the relationship between geography and parageography, and emphasizes the relationship between cartography and storytelling. By exploring the power dynamics which are inherent in mapmaking and storytelling, the paper examines how mapmaking and the inscription of history assist imperial authorities to impose and perpetuate their dominance over others. Through a close examination of Pynchon's non-linear and complex narrative structure, this article highlights the manners in which Mason & Dixon counters the conventional notions of truth, hence inviting the reader to question any constructed nature either, maps or historical representation. Ultimately, this metafictional narrative prompt deeper investigation of the intricate intersections between fiction, historiography, geography, and the manipulation of knowledge.

Existential Meaninglessness and Meaningfulness in Rebecca West’s the Return of the Soldier: An Existential Psychotherapeutic Study

2024-01-14T22:31:44+03:00

The quest for meaning in life has always constituted a big portion of literature. Having Existential dimensions that investigate the big questions of human existence such as death, isolation, freedom and meaning, some literary works like Rebecca West’s The Return of the Soldier (1918) launch human being’s search for a meaning of existence in realm of disorders at two levels; one is internal that comes from amnesia and neurosis, and the other is external chaos that is rendered from war and violence. Written during war and as an exploration of war consequences of familial disorder and psychological disability, the novel sketches Chris as an existential sufferer whose existence, due to shellshock and memory loss of fifteen years, lacks a firm ground and a concrete sense of meaning, therefore gets into trouble from perceiving his social roles in his return to his family from war. As a defence mechanism and a replacement to his existential vacuum that is a painful sense of void and meaninglessness, Chris pleas into indulging with amnestic fantasy and re-establishes a lost relationship with a married lady once over whose love temporally mitigates his suffering. The Existential dimension of the novel comes from Chris’s re-embracement of the painfulness of reality by bringing back his memory and living in the temporality of the present being. Therapy in the novel is not too sharp, as it is implied by exorcising the lost dreams of Chris’s past life; and based on his acceptance to the reality of his life, amongst it is the death of his son, comes the construction of new paradigms of therapy. This study, entitled ‘Existential Meaninglessness and Meaningfulness in Rebecca West’s The Return of the Soldier: An Existential Psychotherapeutic Study’ investigates the novel’s elucidations of existential vacuum, meaninglessness, and void in relation to memory loss, and then it portrays how human being is capable to make meaning in his own life. The theoretical method of the inquiry in this study is Existential psychotherapy, which is a contemporary approach blended of psychoanalysis and philosophy, mainly inspired by Existentialism. Precisely, amongst Existential psychologists, the focus of the analytical model is thrown on Irvin Yalom (1931-?) who has gained a huge admiration for his scholarly contribution in the field.