The Rise of Feminist Foreign Policy: The Role of Iranian Feminists within the Framework of This Policy

-سەرچاوەی کوردی:

- عه‌زیزی، ڕۆژه، (2022)، گرنگی ڕۆلی ژنی كۆرد له‌ خۆپیشاندانه‌كانی گه‌لانی ئێران. نامیلكه‌ی ژن، ژیان،ئازادی. سایتی په‌یام، لە سەر ماڵپەری ئەلکترۆنی گیارەنگ: https://giareng.com/?p=16749

- مه‌جیدخان، بارام، (2023)، ئێران حیكایه‌تێكه‌ ده‌بێت له‌ كۆتاوه‌ بیخۆێنینه‌وه‌، وه‌رزنامه‌ی ئێرانناسی ب، 2(7). https://www.centerfs.org/iran-is-a-story-we-must-read-at-the-end/

- وسو، دلدار عدو& صوفی، هونه ر انور مام. (2025). ده‌ركه‌وته‌كانی فێمینزم له‌ ڕۆمانی (سه‌رده‌می گریانی به‌لقیس)ی جه‌بار جه‌مال غه‌ریب داده‌. گۆڤاری زانكو بوو زانسته‌ مرۆڤاتییه‌كان. زانكوی سه‌لاحه‌دین، 29(3). https://doi.org/10.21271/zjhs.29.3.1

-سەرچاوەی فارسی:

- حسینی، كیوان، (2023)، کنفرانس امنیتی مونیخ چیست و حضور مخالفان جمهوری اسلامی در آن چه اهمیتی دارد؟. بی بی سی فارسی. https://www.bbc.com/persian/articles/cn0262ze4keo

-سەرچاوەی ئینگلیزی:

a. Books - کتێبەکان:

- Katzman, Kenneth. (2011) Iran sanctions (Vol. 19). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.

b. Academic Journals-گۆڤارە ئەکادیمییەکان:

- Aggestam, Karin. and Bergman-Rosamond, Annika. (2016) 'Swedish feminist foreign policy in the making: Ethics, politics, and gender', Ethics & International Affairs, 30(3), pp. 323–334.

- Barlow, Rebecca., Akbarzadeh, Shahram. and Nasirpour, Sanaz. (2024) 'A dialogical appraisal of diasporic women's work to impact change in Iran', Third World Quarterly. 17 January.2024; Accessed 22 June 2025 https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2023.2296622

- Berg, Elin. (2024). From silence to Pride? A feminist visual narrative analysis of the Swedish Armed Forces' Pride campaigns. Media, War & Conflict, 18(1), 103-121. https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352241256571

- Delgado, Martha. (2020). Mexico's feminist foreign policy. TPQ, 19(1), 35-39. https://martha.org.mx/una-politica-con-causa/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Mexico%E2%80%99s-Feminist-Foreign-Policy-1.pdf

- Kian, Azadeh. (2010). Islamic Feminism in Iran: A New Form of Subjugation or the Emergence of Agency?. Critique internationale, 46(1), 45-66

- Kurzman, Charles. (1991). Liberal Islam: prospects and challenges. Middle East Review of International Affairs, 3(3), 11-19. https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/olj/meria/meria99_kuc01.html

- Michaelsen, Marcus. (2018). Exit and voice in a digital age: Iran's exiled activists and the authoritarian state. Globalizations, 15(2), 248-264.

- Moghadam, Valentine.M. and Haghighatjoo, Fatemeh. (2016) 'Women and political leadership in an authoritarian context: A case study of the sixth parliament in the Islamic Republic of Iran', Politics & Gender, 12(1), pp. 168–197.

- Richey, Lisa.Ann. (2001) 'In search of feminist foreign policy: Gender, development, and Danish state identity', Cooperation and Conflict, 36(2), pp. 177–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/001083601400422351

- Tohidi, Nayereh. (2010). The women's movement and feminism in Iran: A glocal perspective. Women's Movements in the Global Era: The Power of Local Feminisms, 375-414.

- Tohidi, Nayereh. (2016). Women's rights and feminist movements in Iran. SUR-Int'l J. on Hum Rts., 13, 75.

- Verbeek, Nicolas. (2019) 'A German feminist response to the Mahsa Amini protests in Iran: Balancing normative and realist foreign policy', Journal for Iranian Studies, 7(17), pp. 57.

- Wright, Shelley. (1994) 'Women and the global economic order: A feminist perspective', American University Journal of International Law and Policy, 10, 861.

- Zhukova, Ekatherina., Sundström, Malena. Rosén. and Elgström, Ole. (2022) 'Feminist foreign policies (FFPs) as strategic narratives: Norm translation in Sweden, Canada, France, and Mexico', Review of International Studies, 48(1), pp. 195–216.

c. Research Reports - ڕاپۆرتە توێژینەوەییەکان:

- Adebahr, Cornelius. and Mittelhammer, Barbara. (2022) 'Feminist foreign policy to deal with Iran?: Assessing the EU's options', Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

- European Parliament News (2020) 'Fostering gender equality in the EU's foreign and security policy', European Parliament Press Release.23 October. 2020; Accessed 24 June 2025 https://www.europarl.europa.eu/pdfs/news/expert/2020/10/press_release/20201016IPR89563/20201016IPR89563_en.pdf

- Maleki, Ammar, and Tamimi Arab, Pooyan. (2023). Iranians' Attitudes Toward the 2022 Nationwide Protests. Published online, gamaan.org: GAMAAN. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370497869_Iranians%27_Attitudes_Toward_the_2022_Nationwide_Protests?enrichId=rgreq-fde4a25c4da02d2327adf93a5a740e61-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzM3MDQ5Nzg2OTtBUzoxMTQzMTI4MTE1NTQxNjU0OEAxNjgzMTkwNTYwOTY5&el=1_x_2&_esc=publicationCoverPdf

- Moghadam, Valentine.M.(2004). Women in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Legal status, social positions, and collective action. In Iran After" conference for the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/event/ValentineMoghadamFinal.pdf

- Papagioti, Foteini. (2023) 'Feminist foreign policy index: a qualitative evaluation of feminist commitments', International Center for Research on Women.

- Schuegraf, Marian. (2021) 'A look back at the activities of the Unidas women's network'. Available at: https://www.unidas.world/system/files/202112/Unidas_look%20back%2020

- Thompson, Lyric. (2020) 'Feminist Foreign Policy: A Framework', International Center for Research on Women. Available at: https://www.icrw.org/publications/feminist-foreign-policy-a-framework/

- Thompson, Lyric. (2020) 'Feminist foreign policy: A framework', International Center for Research on Women.

- Thompson, Lyric., Ahmed, S pogmay., & Khokhar, Tanya. (2021). Defining feminist foreign policy: A 2021 update. International Center for Research on Women.

- Thompson, Lyric., Ahmed, Spogmay. and Tanya Khokhar, T. (2021) 'Defining feminist foreign policy: A 2021 update', International Center for Research on Women.

- Zilla, Claudia (2022) : Feminist foreign policy: Concepts, core components and controversies, SWP Comment, No. 48/2022, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), Berlin,

d. Newspapers and Media - ڕۆژنامە و میدیا:

- AFP, (2021). New German chancellor Scholz makes European debut. The guardian. 10 December.2021; Accessed 3 April 2025 Available at: https://guardian.ng/news/world/new-german-chancellor-scholz-makes-european-debut/

- Aghdashloo, Tara. (2022) 'Iran's women have been fighting this fight for a long time', Financial Times. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/10f54419-2243-49be-9d94-01ee67e05850

- Aitken, Peter. (2022). Iran anti-riot police sexually assault women in public as protests near one-month anniversary. Fox news.15 October. 2022; Accessed 18 June 2025. Available at: https://www.foxnews.com/world/iran-anti-riot-police-sexually-assault-women-public-protests-one-month-anniversary

- Anglesey, Anders. (2022). Iran Protests Timeline: How Death of Mahsa Amini Caused Shockwaves.4 Decmber.2022; Accessed 20 June 2025. Available at: . https://www.newsweek.com/iran-protests-timeline-how-death-mahsa-amini-caused-shockwaves-1764454

- Hamid, Shadi. (2022) The reason Iran turned out to be so repressive. The Atlantic.4 October. 2022; Accessed 29 June 2025 . Available at https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/10/iran-mahsa-amini-protests-islam-ayatollah-ruhollah-khomeini/671624/

- Jafari, Hamid. (2023) 'The impact of Iranian diaspora on the Canadian government policy towards Iran', New Canadian Media.9 Mai. 2023; Accessed 14 April 2025. Available at: https://www.newcanadianmedia.ca/the-impact-of-iranian-diaspora-on-the-canadian-government-policy-towards-iran/

- Karadeglija, Anja. (2022) 'Provide momentum to that movement: Canada to host meeting of female foreign ministers on Iran protests', National Post. 10 October. 2022; Accessed 16 April 2025. Available at https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/provide-momentum-to-that-movement-canada-to-host-meeting-of-female-foreign-ministers-on-iran-protests

- Mirzaei, Diba. and Talebian, Hamid. (2022) 'Iran's uprisings: A feminist foreign policy approach'.

- Rettig, Joana. and Jannaschk, Julia. (2022). "Frau. Leben. Freiheit." Proteste im Iran – wo bleibt die feministische Außenpolitik von Baerbock?. 1October. 2022; Accessed 29 April 2025. Available at: https://politik.watson.de/politik/analyse/691696410-iran-wo-bleibt-die-feministische-aussenpolitik-von-annalena-baerbock

- Romaniec, Rosalia. (2022). Iran as a tough test for Baerbock's feminist foreign policy. 14 October.2022; Accessed 24 April. 2025. Available at: https://www.dw.com/de/iran-als-h%C3%A4rtetest-f%C3%BCr-baerbocks-feministische-au%C3%9Fenpolitik/a-63433807

- Stuttaford, Andrew. (2017) 'Iran: Sweden's "feminist" government submits', National Review.17 February. 2017; Accessed 3 July 2025. Available at: https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/iran-swedens-feminist-government-submits/

- The guardian. (2022). Germans 'disgusted' by Iran protest crackdown, says chancellor. The guardian. 12 November .2022; Accessed 4 July 2025 Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/12/german-chancellor-olaf-scholz-iran-crackdown-protests

e. Official Documents and Websites - بەڵگەنامە وێبسایتە فەرمییەکان:

- Ahmadi, G. (n.d.). Über mich. Retrieved from https://gollaleh-ahmadi.de/ueber-mich/.

- Ahmadi, gollaleh.(2022). Rede: Solidarität mit den iranischen Frauen. gollaleh-ahmadi.de. 15. Oktober. 2022; Accessed 15 June 2025 https://gollaleh-ahmadi.de/rede-solidaritaet-mit-den-iranischen-frauen/

- Biscontini, T. (2023). Masih Alinejad. In EBSCO Research Starters: Biography. EBSCO. Retrieved from https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/biography/masih-alinejad.

- Eroukhmanoff, Clara. (2024). Troubling French feminist diplomacy with the national context. In Feminist Policymaking in Turbulent Times (pp. 125-145). Routledge.

- Global Affairs Canada. (2023). Canada sanctions Iranian regime for continued human rights violations. canada.ca. 3 May. 2023; Accessed 26 June 2025 https://www.canada.ca/en/global-affairs/news/2023/05/canada-sanctions-iranian-regime-for-continued-human-rights-violations.html

- Government Offices Sweden. (2023). Sweden supports the Iranian people's demand for human rights. government.se.15 March.2023; Accessed 25June 2025 https://www.government.se/government-policy/foreign-and-security-policy/sweden-supports-the-iranian-peoples-demand-for-human-rights/

- Hakimzadeh, Shirin. (2006). Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home.MPI.1 September. 2006; Accessed 28 June 2025 https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/iran-vast-diaspora-abroad-and-millions-refugees-home

- HateAid. Org. (2023). Stärke! Wir sprechen mit … Gollaleh Ahmadi. hateaid.org. 31 mai. 2023; Accessed 30 June 2025 https://hateaid.org/gollaleh-ahmadi-interview/

- Koehler, Gabriele. (2022) 'Feminist foreign policy?', Global Policy Forum.18 July. 2022; Accessed 18 April 2025 https://www.globalpolicy.org/en/news/2022-07-18/feminist-foreign-policy

- Medica mondiale. (2022). Feminist foreign policy – for women's rights, against violence. Medica mondiale.org. https://medicamondiale.org/en/violence-against-women/sexualised-wartime-violence/feminist-foreign-policy

- Mittelhammer, Barbara. and Adebahr, Cornelius. (2023). "Women, Life, Freedom": A German feminist foreign policy towards Iran. dgap.org. 2 January. 2023; Accessed 21 April 2025 https://dgap.org/en/research/publications/women-life-freedom-german-feminist-foreign-policy-towards-iran

- Muller, Kerstin. (2023) 'Feminist foreign policy: A chance for change in Germany's policy on Iran?'.15 March. 2023; Accessed 19 April 2025 https://elnetwork.eu/country/germany/feminist-foreign-policy-a-chance-for-change-in-germanys-policy-on-iran/

- Napikoski, Linda. (2019). A Brief History of CEDAW. Thoughtco. 15 Februwary. 2019; Accessed 22 April 2025 https://www.thoughtco.com/brief-history-of-cedaw-3529470

- Narlikar, Amrita. (2022) 'German feminist foreign policy: An inside-outside perspective', Observer Research Foundation.12 September. 2022; Accessed 24 April 2025 https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/german-feminist-foreign-policy

- National Council of Resistance of Iran. (n.d.). Biography of Maryam Rajavi. Retrieved from https://www.ncr-iran.org/en/maryam-rajavi/.

- Saadati, Shamsi. (2025) 'Former German MP Nadine Ruf: Iranian women are the driving force of change', National Council of Resistance of Iran.19 June. 2025; Accessed 30 June 2025 https://www.ncr-iran.org/en/news/iran-resistance/former-german-mp-nadine-ruf-iranian-women-are-the-driving-force-of-change/

- Sahebi, Gilda.(2022). Frau, Leben, Freiheit. Amnesty International Deutschland. 7 December. 2022; Accessed 3 July 2025 https://www.amnesty.de/informieren/amnesty-journal/iran-proteste-frauen-leben-freiheit-mahsa-amini-essay-gilda-sahebi

- Shaikh, N. (2004, June 10). Shirin Ebadi: 'A certain commitment to justice'. Asia Society. https://asiasociety.org/shirin-ebadi-certain-commitment-justice.

- Sveriges Kvinnoorganisationer (2023) 'Kvinnorörelsen kräver att Sverige stöttar den feministiska frihetsrevolutionen i Iran med alla tillgängliga medel', Sveriges Kvinnoorganisationer. Available at: https://sverigeskvinnoorganisationer.se/debatt-vi-maste-gora-allt-i-var-makt-for-irans-kvinnor/

- United Nations, Economic and Social Council. (2022, December 14). Economic and Social Council adopts controversial draft resolution to remove Iran from Commission on Status of Women, emphasizing lack of rights in country. https://press.un.org/en/2022/ecosoc7109.doc.htm

- Wilson Center. (n.d.). Haleh Esfandiari. Retrieved from https://www.wilsoncenter.org/person/haleh-esfandiari.

- Women's Learning Partnership. (n.d.). Mahnaz Afkhami. Retrieved from https://learningpartnership.org/people/mahnaz-afkhami