The Role of American Journalists in Promoting the Kurdish Issue in Iraq 1961-1979
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21271/zjhs.29.1.5Abstract
the Kurdish issue in Iraq has been one of the most appropriate topics for the international press since the establishment of the state. But with the outbreak of the Kurdish revolution in 1961 and until the death of revolutionary leader Mullah Mustafa Barzani in 1979, the international press worked intensively on all these issues related to the Kurdish issue in the region. It is
The Kurdish issue in Iraq has been one of the most appropriate topics for the international press since the establishment of the state. But with the outbreak of the Kurdish revolution in 1961 and until the death of revolutionary leader Mullah Mustafa Barzani in 1979, the international press worked intensively on all these issues related to the Kurdish issue in the region. It is clear that American journalists, because of their prominent role in this field and the relationship of this issue to international equations, have become more involved in this debate. Thus, they played an important role in introducing the Kurdish issue to the world, and on this basis, we devoted this study entitled (The Role of American Journalists in Introducing the Kurdish Issue in Iraq 1961-1979) to discuss three main topics. The first topic of the article is entitled (A historical summary of the American press's position on the Kurdish issue before the outbreak of the September Revolution), while the second topic is entitled (The role of American journalists in conveying the image of the Kurdish revolution in southern Kurdistan (1961-1975)). The two sides discussed the humanitarian situation and the sympathy of American journalists towards the Kurdish issue and the situation in Iraq
References
کتێب
- بەزمانی عەرەبی
- جليلي وأخرون، جليل.(2013)، الحركة الكردية في العصر الحديث، دار الفارابي للنشر.
- خاروداكى، ماريانا.(2013)، الكرد والسياسة الخارجية الامريكية(العلاقات الدولية في الشرق الاوسط منذ 1945)، أراس- ألفارابي، أربيل.
- الدليمي، عبدالرزاق.(2019)، أخلاقيات الاعلام و تشريعاته في القرن الحادي والعشرين،دار الياوزي العلمية للنشر والتوزيع.
- الدليمي، عبدالرزاق.(2019)، صناعة الاعلام المعاصر،دار الياوزي العلمية للنشر والتوزيع.
بەزمانی ئینگلیزی
- Acemoglu, Daron and Robinson, James A. (2012), Why Nations Fail the Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty, New York.
- Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, (1976), The Final Days, New York.
- Tarbell, Ida M. (1904), The history of the Standard Oil Company, New York.
- ڕۆژنامە
- the village Voice (Newspaper)
- Latham, Aaron. (1976), Report The President Does Not Want You to Read, Introduction to the Pike Paperss, Vol. XXI, No.7، February 16.
- The New York Times (Newspaper),
- THE INSURGENT KURDS, October 24, 1880.
- Turks and Kurds Attack the British, April 15, 1915.
- Rebellious Kurds Capture Diyarbakir, The New York Times, February 26, 1925.
- Schmidt, Dana Adams. Kurds' Guerrilla Tradition Aids Rebels in War on Iraqi Army, September 12, 1962.
- Schmidt, Dana Adams. (1962), Kurdish Rebel Chief Says Force Is Only Way to Win Autonomy; Kurdish Chief Follows Policy of Strength RELIES ON FORCE TO WIN AUTONOMY Mullah Mustafa a Fighter Who Has Often Led His Tribesmen in Revolt Brothers Disagree On Task of Tribe General Relates Story of Republic Kassim Friendly to Kurds at First Rebellion Shows Mark on General, ، September 11.
- Schmidt, Dana Adams. (1962), Kurds' Guerrilla Tradition Aids Rebels in War on Iraqi Army, , September 12.
- Topping, Seymour. (1962), Iraq Reds Ask Link with Kurds; Have Tacit Approval of Kremlin; IRAQI REDS ASKING LINKS WITH KURDS, Sept. 15.
- Schmidt, Dana Adams. (1963), Kurd Chiefs Leaving Mountains for Peace Meetings in Baghdad; Kurd Chief's Leaving Mountains for Baghdad, New York Times(Newspaper), February 18.
- Holden, David. (1974), Almost Unnoticed Except by Iraq,KURDS Press Their War, september22..
- Safire, William. (1976), Mr. Ford's Secret Sellout, Feb. 5,
- Guikovaty, Emile. (1976), De Como os curdos foram trocados porum barril de petroleo, March21.
- Safire, William. (1976), Kurds and Conscience, The Dispatch(Newspaper), Dec13.
- Carter and Conscience(Newspaper)
- Safire, William, (1977), Of Kurds and Kissinger., December 19.
- Sven Simon, (1979), MUSTAFA BARZANI KURDS' LEADE DIES, March 2, p.13.
- Youngstown Vindicator(Newspaper)
- Makinley,Webb. (1962), Kurds Keep Fighting for Free State, May22.
- Daytona Beach Morning Journal (News Paper)
- Rayan, William L. (1962), A Middle Eastern Castro, sep14.
- The Montreal Gazette (Newspaper),
- Efty, Alex. Barzani. (1963), Threat in Iraq: Self Rule Soon or War Resumes, March2.
- perera, Judith. (1979), Kurds Seek Unity, May30.
- The Washington Reporter (Newspaper),
- May, Donald. (1963), Kurdish Tribesmen Iraqi Army Fight Savage War, July 16.
- The Tuscaloosa News(Newspaper),
- The Leader of Kurds Seems Protected, 16 Dec1971.
- Anderson, Jack. (1977), CIA Record with Small Nations Ignoble, April25.
- The Day(Newspaper),
- Meclure,Hal.(1974), Kurdistan War Goes Unnoticed, Sep13,1974.
- Spokane Daily Chronicle (Newspaper),
- Rebel Kurdish forces claim to have shot down two Iraqi planes, March13,1975.
- Newsom, Phil. (1975), Kurds Flee Iraq After Cutoff of Aid by Iran, No. (158), March27.
- Thurgood, Liz. (1975), Kurdish guerrilla begins anew life, May30.
- Anderson, Jack. (1978), Barzani Waiting in Vain for U.S. to Assist Kurds, March13.
- The Telegraph (Newspaper),
- Neusom, Phil. (1975), Sacrifices to Politics of Oil, March27,1975.
- Washington post(Newspaper),
- Feldstein, Mark. (2022), The Nixon White House plotted to assassinate a journalist 50 years ago, March 25,
- J. Y. Smith, Gen. (1979), Mustafa Barzani, Exiled Kurdish Chieftain, Dies, Washington post (Newspaper), March 3,
- Sarasota Journal,
- Hempstone, Smith. (1977), Present Grim, Future Bleak for The Kurds, July 19.
- Kentucky New Era(Newspaper),
- Anderson, Jack. (1978), United States of America would like the tribes to fade
- away, March11.
گۆڤار
- خلف، مزهر حسين. (2023)، تأثير وسائل ألاعلام في صنع ألقرار السياسي ألامريكي, مجلة قضايا سياسية، ع(75)، كانون الاول.
سایتی ئەلیکترۆنی
عەرەبی
- مستعد، محمد.(٢٠٢١)، قراءة في تاريخ الصحافة الامريكية، معهد ألجزيرة للآعلام. نشرت 28/ أبريل. https://institute.aljazeera.net/ar/ajr/article/1457
ئینگلیزی
- JOSHUA,BENTON. and HANAA, TAMEEZ. (2020), Cleveland is where the American Newspaper Association was born, May 13. https://www.niemanlab.org/2020/05/cleveland-is-where-the-american-newspaper-union-was-born.
- Morris, David Z. (September 3, 2019). "Editor & Publisher Sold to News Veteran, Who Plans to Expand Magazine's Focus"
Focus"
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Qaraman Haidar Rahman, Najmaddin Abdullah Ismail

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

