History of the Islamic Sciences in George Sarton's "Introduction to The History of Science " A Comparative methodological study

Abstract

Using the comparative method, George Sarton compared the scientific aspects of all civilizations, especially the scientific aspects of Greek civilization, Islamic civilization and Western civilization, by collecting a large number of manuscripts of Greek and Muslim scholars, Western scholars and orientalist research, has shown the influence of Muslim scholars on Western scholars. In addition to discovering several theories of scientific branches and highlighting the practical aspects of Muslim scholars; In his three-volume masterpiece entitled "An Introduction to the History of Science", which was the product of (50) years old, he explained the reasons for the formation and history of Islamic and Western civilizations,especially the  translation activity of Islamic and Greek civilizations. He exposed the forgery of translators, scholars and orientalists in forging the manuscripts of Muslim scholars, in addition to the scientific influence of the Abbasid leaders and caliphs, who played an important role in the establishment of civilization. In particular, the construction of new cities, the collection of books of scientists, the establishment of libraries, universities and scientific institutions that played a role in the transfer of scientific branches, which the researcher noted, George Sarton, used the comparative method, to write his masterpiece and show the influence of the scientific aspects of civilizations on each other and with the aim of linking the science of the history of sciences to the scientific branches.