The Use of Illustrators by Bahdini Kurdish Teachers in EFL University Classrooms

Authors

  • Fakhir Omar Mohammed Department of English, College of Humanities, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region-Iraq.
  • Sazan Abbas Saidgul Directorate of Training, Ministry of Education, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
  • Bokan Ghazi Khalid Language and Development Center, College of Basic Education, Raparin University, Kurdistan Region-Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21271/zjhs.28.5.18

Abstract

This study investigates the various kinds of illustrators that male and female Bahdini Kurdish (BK) lecturers perform in EFL university classes. In this area of study, there is still a lack of research on the impact of nonverbal cues on university-level teaching and learning processes when it comes to classroom communication between instructors and students. Ten university instructors, both male and female, were chosen as a sample for the study. Data was gathered from the lecturers using a descriptive observation method based on the illustrator classification system developed by Ekman and Friesen (1969, 1972). According to the results obtained from using excel sheets, the majority of lecturers employed deictic movements in their classes, followed by kinetographs and spatial movements. In terms of gender, females made up a large share of illustrators, except for ideographs.

References

- Argyle, M. (1988). Bodily Communication (2nd ed.). Methuen.

- Bancroft, W. J. (1995). “Research in nonverbal communication and its Relationship to Pedagogy and Suggestopedia”. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED384243

- Birdwhistell, R. L. (1970), Kinesics and Context: Essays on Body Mption Communication, University of Pennsylvania.

- Deresky, H. (2006), International Management: Managing Across Borders and Cultures (5th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.

- Dwyer, J. (2005), Communication in Business: Strategies and Skills (3rd ed.) Pearson Education Australia, French forest: NSW.

- Ekman, P. & Friesen, W. V. (1969) The Repertoire or Nonverbal Behavior: Categories, Origins, Usage and Coding. Semiotica, 1, pp. 49-98.

https://doi.org/10.1515/semi.1969.1.1.49.

- Ekman P. & Friesen W. V. (1972). “Hand Movements”. The Journal of Communication. https://1ammce38pkj41n8xkp1iocwe-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Hand-Movements.pdf.

- Ekman, P. (2004). “Emotional and conversational nonverbal signals”. Larrazabal Jesus M., Miranda Luis A. Pérez (eds.). Language, Knowledge, and Representation. Philosophical Studies Series, Vol 99. Springer, pp. 39-47.

- Gifford, R. (2009). “The Role of Nonverbal Communication in Interpersonal Relations”. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256446208_The_Role_of_Nonverbal_Communication_in_Interpersonal_Relations#fullTextFileContent.

- Goldman, E. (1994). As Others See Us. Routledge.

- Hall, E. T. (1959). The Silent Language. Doubleday & Company, Inc.

- Hans, A. & Hans, E. (2015). “Kinesics, Haptics and Proxemics: Aspects of non-verbal communication”. (Online) IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 20 (2), pp.47-52. https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol20-issue2/Version-4/H020244752.pdf.

- Harris, T. E. (2002), Applied Organizational Communication: Principles and Pragmatics for Future Practice. Lawrence Erlbaum Association.

- Hodgetts, R.M., Luthans, F., Doh, J.P. (2006), International Management: Culture, Strategy and Behavior (6th ed.), McGraw-Hill Irwin.

- Jolly, S. (2000), ‘Understanding Body Language: Birdwhistell’s Theory of Kinesics’, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 133-139.

- Kendon, A. (1983). Gesture and speech: How they interact. J. M. Weimann & R. P. Harrison (Eds.), Nonverbal Interaction. Sage.

- Kendon, A. (2004), Gesture: Visible Action as Utterance, Cambridge University press: UK.

- Knapp, M. L., & Hall, J. A. (2002). Nonverbal Communication in Human Interaction. Crawfordsville, IN: Thomson Learning.

- Krauss, R. M., Chen, Y. & Chawla, P. (1996). Nonverbal Behavior and Nonverbal Communication: What do Conversational Hand Gestures Tell Us? Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 28, pp. 389-450. https://www.columbia.edu/~rmk7/PDF/Adv.pdf

- Markovic, H. (2017). Kinesics and Body Language in Simultaneous and Consecutive Interpretation (Unpublished thesis). https://repozitorij.ffos.hr/islandora/object/ffos%3A2380/datastream/PDF/.

- Mehrabian, A. & Weiner, M. (1967). Decoding of inconsistent communications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6, pp. 108-114.

- Miller, A. N. (2011). “Men and Women’s Communication is Different – Sometimes”. https://www.natcom.org/communication-currents/men-and-women%E2%80%99s-communication-different%E2%80%94sometimes.

- Priori, U. A. (2005). “What is Communication?” http://www.irfanerdogan.com/intro2com/communicationas.pdf/

- Rammal, H. G. (2007), “Communicating Successfully: The Importance of Nonverbal Messages in the Communication Process”. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228300098_Communicating_Successfully_The_Importance_of_Nonverbal_Messages_in_the_Communication_Process.

- Sokolov, A. A., Krüger, S., Enck, P., Mann, I. K., & Pavlova, M. A. (2011). “Gender affects body language reading”. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00016.

- Wrench, J. S., Punyanunt-Carter, N. M., & Thweatt, K. S. (2020). Interpersonal Communication: A Mindful Approach to Relationships. Open Textbooks. 787. https://mds.marshall.edu/oa-textbooks/787.

Published

2024-10-15

How to Cite

Fakhir Omar Mohammed, Sazan Abbas Saidgul, & Bokan Ghazi Khalid. (2024). The Use of Illustrators by Bahdini Kurdish Teachers in EFL University Classrooms. Zanco Journal of Human Sciences, 28(5), 278–288. https://doi.org/10.21271/zjhs.28.5.18

Issue

Section

Articles