انخراط دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي مع إقليم كردستان العراق في المرحلة ما بعد 2003
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21271/zjhs.30.SpA.12الملخص
بدأت العلاقة بين حكومة إقليم كردستان ودول الخليج بعد سقوط نظام صدام حسين عام 2003. ومع سقوط صدام، ازداد قلق دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي بشأن مستقبل العراق، وصاغت تفاعلاتها مع حكومة إقليم كردستان بناءً على أهمية العراق ودوره في حساباتها السياسية والأمنية. وشهدت حقبة ما بعد عام 2003 توترات إقليمية متزايدة، مدفوعة بتوازن قوى غير مواتٍ لمجلس التعاون الخليجي، وتحديات الحوكمة والأمن في العراق، والنفوذ السائد للجماعات الشيعية على مؤسسات الدولة العراقية.
يمكن تحديد تفاعل دول الخليج مع إقليم كردستان العراق من خلال هدفين رئيسيين للسياسة الخارجية لمجلس التعاون الخليجي في العراق. أولاً، سعت المملكة العربية السعودية إلى تأكيد دور محوري في السياسة الإقليمية، وخاصة في عراق ما بعد عام 2003، ردًا على النفوذ المتصاعد لإيران وتركيا في المنطقة. ثانيًا، هدفت المملكة العربية السعودية إلى موازنة هيمنة الشيعة داخل الدولة العراقية من خلال تعزيز التوازن بين الفصائل الرئيسية في العراق. بينما أظهر السُنّة ضعفًا وانقسامًا، أثّر الأكراد بشكل كبير على المسار السياسي للبلاد، وخاصةً بين عامي ٢٠٠٣ و٢٠١٧.
وتؤكد هذه المقالة أن العلاقة بين إقليم كوردستان العراق ودول مجلس التعاون الخليجي تتسم أكثر بالتدابير التكتيكية وردود الفعل، بدلاً من الرؤية الاستراتيجية البعيدة المدى. ترتبط هذه العلاقات ارتباطًا وثيقًا بسياسات النخبة السياسية العراقية تجاه دول الخليج في مرحلة ما بعد عام ٢٠٠٣. ويتجلى تفاعل دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي مع إقليم كردستان العراق بشكل رئيسي خلال التطورات والأزمات السياسية المحورية في العراق، بهدف تعزيز النفوذ الكردي في بغداد وتأكيد دوره في السياسة الداخلية العراقية.
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