Monitoring LULC Changes in the Semi-Mountainous Region of Duhok Governorate Utilising Landsat Imagery and SVM

Dastan Fathi Ahmed; Nashwan Shukri Abdullah

doi:10.21271/zjhs.30.SpB.31

المؤلفون

Dastan Fathi Ahmed =
Nashwan Shukri Abdullah Department of Geography, College of Humanities, University of Duhok, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21271/zjhs.30.SpB.31

الكلمات المفتاحية:

نظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS)؛ استخدام الأراضي/الغطاء الأرضي (LULC)؛ الاستشعار عن بعد (RS)؛ التعلم الآلي (ML)؛ آلة دعم المتجهات (SVM).

الملخص

تحلل هذه الدراسة التغيرات طويلة الامد في استخدام الأراضي والغطاء الأرضي في المنطقة شبه الجبلية من محافظة دهوك في اقليم كوردستان العراق خلال الفترة 2000-2023، باستخدام صور الأقمار الصناعية Landsat 5 TM و8 OL، وتقنيات تصنيف التعلم الآلي (ML). تتميز تضاريس منطقة الدراسة بتضاريس متداخلة تجمع بين الهضاب والسهول الزراعية. وهذا يخلق تحديات طيفية في التمييز بين فئات الأراضي المتشابهة ويجعلها نموذجًا مثاليًا لاختبار فعالية خوارزميات التعلم الآلي في البيئات المعقدة.

تم تطبيق التصنيف الموجّه باستخدام خوارزمية آلة دعم المتجهات (SVM) ضمن بيئة نظام المعلومات الجغرافية GIS Pro 3.5. أظهرت النتائج تغيرات كبيرة في أنماط الغطاء الأرضي، حيث ارتفعت مساحة الأراضي المطورة من 3.5% إلى 7.4%، بينما انخفضت مساحة الأراضي الجرداء من 42.1% إلى 35%. كما زادت مساحة المزروعة/المحروثة من 26.5% إلى 31.3%. وبلغت الدقة الإجمالية للتصنيف 99.04% لعام 2000 و97.10% لعام 2023، وبلغت قيمتي Kappa 0.9868 و0.9609 على التوالي، مما يشير إلى كفاءة تصنيف عالية.

كما كشفت الدراسة أيضاً عن تغيرات بيئية كبيرة، أبرزها انتقال مساحات كبيرة من الأراضي الجرداء إلى فئات مزروعة/المحروثة وعشبية مما يعكس آثار التوسع العمراني والاستغلال غير المستدام لموارد الأراضي.

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