Back-channeling in Celebrities Interviews: A Socio-discoursal Study

المؤلفون

  • Zainab Saad Mohammed Department of English, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Diyala- Diyala Governorate, Iraq
  • Ahmed Adel Nouri Department of English, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Diyala- Diyala Governorate, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21271/zjhs.29.Con.1.45

الكلمات المفتاحية:

backchannel, male, female, functions, types.

الملخص

ملخص

المحادثة هي فعل يتناوب فيه شخصان أو أكثر على المحاورة. كل واحد منهم يتكلم في وقت محدد؛ وهكذا فان فعل المحادثة لا يتم بشكل عشوائي. ومع ذلك، قد تحدث بعض المشاكل عندما يتنافس بعض التمحاورين على أخذ الدور. وعلى العكس من ذلك، قد يساهم المحاور بطريقة ما في نجاح المحادثة واستمرارها.حيث يمكنه ان يساعد المتحدث من خلال استخدام استراتيجية ارجاع الدور(.(backchannel

تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى دراسة وتحليل ستراتيجية ارجاع الدور( (backchannel المستخدمة في محادثة المتحدثين الأصليين (المشاهير). الغرض من هذه الدراسة هو النظر في كيفية توظيف الجنسين المختلفين لهذه الظاهرة اللغوية. ولتحقيق هذا الهدف، يلقي الباحث نظرة على بعض المقابلات المختارة مع ممثلين مشهورين ومصممي أزياء وسياسيين. وتكشف النتائج أن الإناث تميل إلى استخدام القنوات الخلفية بشكل متكرر أكثر من الذكور. كما ثبت أيضًا أن استخدام القنوات الخلفية اللفظية أكثر شيوعًا من استخدام القنوات غير اللفظية.

 

المراجع

- Cameron, D., (ed.) 1998. The Feminist Critique of Language: a Reader, second edition. London.

- Clancy, P. M., Sandra, A., T., Ryoko, S., & Tao, H., 1996. The conversational use of reactive tokens in English, Japanese, and Mandarin. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222806176_The_conversational_use_of_reactive_tokens_in_English_Japanese_and_Mandarin. [Accessed: 8 August 2023].

- Dittman, A. and Llewellyn, L., 1968. Relationships between vocalizations and head nods as listener responses. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/17519484_Relationships_Between_Vocalizations_and_Head_Nods_as_Listener_Responses. [Accessed: 12 June 2023].

- Drummond, K., & Hopper, R., 1993. Back channels revisited: Acknowledgement tokens and speakership incipiency. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230875967_Back_Channels_Revisited_Acknowledgment_Tokens_and_Speakership_Incipiency. [Accessed: 5 September 2023].

- Duncan, Starky Jr. & Fisk, D. W., 1985. Interaction structure and strategy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

- Forbes, Katie; Cordella, Marisa (1999) The Role of Gender in Chilean Argumentative Discourse. Available at: https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:335543/UQ335543_OA.pdf [Accessed: 10 June 2023].

- Hirokawa, K., 1995. The expressions of culture in the conversational styles of Japanese and Americans. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, The University of Michigan, Aim Abor.

- Hoffman, E. & Verdooren, A., 2018. Diversity Competence: Cultures Don't Meet, People Do. UK: Bell & Bain Ltd, Glasgow.

- Kidd, J., 2016. Face and Enactment of Identities in the L2 Classroom. Multilingual Matters: Bristol, Buffalo, Toronto.

- Kogure, M., 2003. Gender differences in the use of backchannels: Do Japanese men and women accommodate to each other? Unpublished PhD dissertation: University of Arizona.

- Maltz, D. and Borker, R. 1982. A cultural approach to male-female miscommunication. In Gumperz, J. (Ed.) Language and Social Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

- Maynard, K. S., 1990. Conversation management in contrast: Backchannel in Japanese and American English. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/037821669090097W [Accessed: 3 September 2023].

- Maynard, S., 1997. Analyzing interactional management in native/non-native English conversation: a case of listener response. Available at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1300510853?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals [Accessed: 7 January 2023].

- Schegloflf, E., 1982. Discourse as an interactional achievement: Some uses of UH-HUH' and other things that come between sentences. In D. Tannen (ed.), Georgetown university roimd table on language and linguistics. Analyzing Discourse: Text and Talk (pp. 71 -93). Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press.

- Tannen, D., 1,986. That's Not What I Meant! How Conversational Style Makes or Breaks Relationships. NY: Ballantine.

- Tannen, D., 1990. You just don't understand: Women and men in conversation. New York: Morrow.

- Tannen, D., 1994. Gender and Discourse. NY: Oxford University Press.

- Wales, K., 2001. A Dictionary of Stylistics. 2nd ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.

- Ward, N., 2004. Pragmatic functions of prosodic features in non-lexical utterances. Available at: https://www.cs.utep.edu/nigel/papers/prosody04.pdf [Accessed: 23 April 2023].

- Ward, N., 2006. Non-lexical conversational sounds in American English. Pragmatics & Cognition. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233650028_Non-lexical_conversational_sounds_in_American_English [Accessed: 10 May 2023].

- West, C. and Zimmerman D., 1987. 'Doing Gender' in Gender and Society. Available at: https://www.gla.ac.uk/0t4/crcees/files/summerschool/readings/WestZimmerman_1987_DoingGender.pdf [Accessed: 10 April 2023].

- Yngve, V., 1970. On getting a word in edgewise. Papers from the Sixth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, 567-577.

- Young, R. F. and Jina L., 2004. Identifying units in interaction: Reactive tokens in Korean and English conversations. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227525043_Identifying_units_in_interaction_Reactive_tokens_in_Korean_and_English_conversations [Accessed: 13 May 2023].

منشور

2025-02-15