EFL University Students’ Attitudes Towards the Effect of Implementing Contextualized Grammar Teaching on Developing their Writing Skills

المؤلفون

  • Paiman Omer Mustafa Department of English, College of Baisic Educations, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
  • Fatimah Rasheed Hasan Al Bajalani Department of English, College of Langiages, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21271/zjhs.28.SpB.28

الكلمات المفتاحية:

Writing skills, attitudes, contextualized explicit grammar teaching, contextualized implicit grammar teaching.

الملخص

This study aims at investigating EFL university students’ attitudes towards the effect of implementing contextualized (explicit/ implicit) grammar teaching on developing their writing skills. A total of 34 second-year undergraduate students who were enrolled in the evening class of the English Department/ College of Basic Education/ Salahaddin University-Erbil took part in the study. The students were randomly assigned into two groups, ensuring an equal number of participants in each group. The first group was exposed to contextualized explicit grammar teaching, while the second group received contextualized implicit grammar teaching. To gather the intended data, two sets of questionnaires were designed by the researchers and administered to the groups. The analysis revealed that the students stated positive attitudes towards the use of both methods for developing their writing skills. Nevertheless, contextualized explicit grammar teaching received a higher level of the students’ agreement. The study ended with some conclusions and suggestions for further studies.

المراجع

- Abdel Rahim, A. A. M. (2013) Enhancing Secondary Stage Students' Writing: Effects of Context of Songs in Teaching Grammar Implicitly [online]. Available at: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED546464.pdf.

- Abdul Rahman, A. M. & Rashid, R. (2017) Explicit and Implicit Grammar Instructions in Higher Learning Institutions, English Language Teaching, 10(10), pp. 92-101.

- Ahmad, A. S. K., Al-Tanany, A. A. K. & Musa, H. I. (2020) Contextualized Grammar in EFL Students’ Writings: A Case for Corrective Feedback, JRCIET, 6(4), pp. 295-324.

- Aka, N. (2020) Incidental Learning of a Grammatical Feature from Reading by Japanese Learners of English as a Foreign Language, System, 91, pp. 1-14.

- Alfaki, I. M. (2015) University Students’ English Writing Problems: Diagnosis and Remedy, International Journal of English Language Teaching, 3(3), pp. 40–52.

- Altun, L. & Dincer, R. (2020) A Comparison of Implicit and Explicit Teaching in Terms of Grammar and Writing Skills of Intermediate Learners, Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 9(1), pp. 96-105.

- Ariana, S.M. (2010) Some Thoughts on Writing Skills, Annals of the University of Oradea, Economic Science Series, 19(1), pp. 134-140.

- Aithal, A. & Aithal, P.S. (2020) Development and Validation of Survey Questionnaire & Experimental Data—A Systematical Review-Based Statistical Approach, Int. J. Manag. Technol. Soc. Sci., 5, p.233–251.

- Arsari, R. W. (2017) Students’ Attitudes toward Grammar Teaching: Independent and Integrated Grammar Teaching Methods. Unpublished Master’s thesis. University of Kristen.

- Atinafu, M. (2018) The Effect of Explicit Grammar Instruction on EFL Students’ Paragraph Writing Performance: with a Special Reference to Adet Preparatory School. Unpublished Master’s thesis. Bahir Dar University.

- Ayeche (2018) Students' Attitudes' Towards the Impact of Grammar Teaching on the

Writing Skill. Unpublished Master’s thesis. Mohammed Seddik Ben Yahia University -Jijel.

- Basoz, T. (2014) Through the Eyes of Prospective Teachers of English: Explicit or Implicit Grammar Instruction? Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences,158, pp. 377-382.

- Benson, P. J. & Heidish, P. (1995) The ESL Technical Expert: Writing Processes and Classroom Practices. In D. Belcher and G. Braine (Eds.), Academic Writing in a Second Language: Essays on research and pedagogy. Norwood: Ablex.

- Bhavani, C. & Shankar, B. (2023) A Study on Impact of Grammatical on English Written Skills, Journal of Engineering Sciences, 14(1), pp. 603-616.

- Bloemert, J., Paran, A., Jansen, E. & van de Grift, W. (2019) Students’ Perspective on the Benefits of EFL Education, The Language Learning Journal, 47(3), pp. 371- 384.

- Brime, A. A. & Bajalan, F. R. S. (2017) Incorporating Outside Sources in Kurdish EFL Students’ Academic Writing, European Scientific Journal, 13(31), pp. 307-316.

- Cawley, V. D. (2017) Contextualized Grammar Instruction: A Case Study of Master's Students' Writing Development. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation. Judson University.

- Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2018) Research Methods in Education. 8th edn. New York: Routledge.

- Dean, D. (2008) Bringing grammar to life. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.

- Denu, G., Teshome, Z. & Ferede T. (2022) Effects of Contextualized Grammar Instruction on Students’ Paragraph Writing Achievement and Their Perception Towards the Instruction: Grade 11 In Getema High School in East Wollega Zone in Focus, Int. J. Grad. Res. Rev., 8(4), pp. 103-111.

- Dörnyei, Z. & Taguchi, T. (2010) Questionnaires in Second Language Research: Construction, Administration, and Processing. New York: Routledge.

- Eldoumi, A. F. (2012) A Practical Approach to Teaching Grammar in Context to English Language Learners. Unpublished Master’s thesis. Oklahoma State University.

- Ellis, R. (1997) SLA Research and Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

- Ellis, R., Loewen, Sh., Elder, C., Erlam, R., Philp, J. & Reinders, H. (2009) Implicit and Explicit Knowledge in Second Language Learning, Testing and Teaching. UK: Multilingual Matters.

- Fearn, L. & Farnan, N. (2007) When Is a Verb? Using Functional Grammar to Teach Writing, Journal of Basic Writing, 26(1), pp. 63-87.

- Gaikwad, V. (2014) Contextualized Grammar Pedagogy: Integrating Grammar into Writing Instruction, US-China Education Review A, 4(7), pp. 490-499.

- Gawronski B. (2007) Attitudes Can Be Measured! But What Is an Attitude? Social Cognition, 25(5), pp. 573-581.

- Haddock, G. & Maio, G.R. (2008) Attitudes: Content, structure and functions, Introduction to Social Psychology: A European perspective, pp.112-133.

- Hanson, L. J. (2019) Middle Level Contextualized Grammar Instruction: Classroom Approaches & Supports. Unpublished Master’s thesis. University of Wisconsin-Stout.

- Hoyt, F. (1906). The Place of Grammar in the Elementary Curriculum, Teacher’s

College Record, 7, pp.467-500.

- Huang, J. (2010) Grammar Instruction for Adult English Language Learners: A Task-based Learning Framework, Journal of adult education, 39, p. 29-37.

- Hyland, K. (2003) Second Language Writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

- İnal, S., Evin, İ. & Saracaloğlu, A. S. (2003) The Relation between Students’ Attitudes Toward Foreign Language and Foreign Language Achievement. Approaches to the Study of Language and Literature [online]. Available at: http://dergiler.ankara.edu.tr/dergiler/27/754/9618.pdf

- Ismail, S. A. A. (2010) ESP Students’ Views of ESL Grammar Learning, Journal of Language Studies, 10(3), pp. 143-156.

- Javed, M., Juan, W. X. & Nazli, S. (2013) A Study of Students’ Assessment in Writing Skills of the English Language, International Journal of Instruction, 6(2), pp. 129-144.

- Jones, S. M., Myhill, D. & Bailey, T. C. (2013) Grammar for Writing? An Investigation into the Effect of Contextualised Grammar Teaching on Student Writing, Reading and Writing, 26(8), pp. 1241-1263.

- Khoshsima, H. & Tanhaei, R. (2014) The Impact of Teaching Grammatical Structures on Writing Ability of Iranian Students, International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 3(6), pp. 134-138.

- Lindenmeyer, H. L. (2014) Revitalizing Grammar Instruction for High School Juniors: Toward a Contextual, Student-Driven, and Minimalistic Method. Unpublished Master’s thesis. Eastern Illinois University.

- Marjokorpi, J. (2023) The Relationship between Grammatical Understanding and Writing Skills in Finnish Secondary L1 Education, Reading and Writing. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-022-10405-z

- Mokhamar, N. W. (2016) The Impact of Integrating Reading and Writing Skills on Palestine Technical College Students' Paragraph Writing and Attitudes. Unpublished Master’s thesis. The Islamic University–Gaza.

- Myhill, D.A. (2005) Ways of Knowing: Writing with Grammar in Mind, English Teaching: Practice & Critique, 4(3), pp. 77-96.

- Myhill, D.A. (2010) Ways of Knowing: Grammar as a Tool for Developing Writing. In Beyond the Grammar Wars: A resource for teachers, Students on Developing Language Knowledge in the English/literacy classroom, ed. Locke, T., pp. 129–148. London: Routledge.

- Myhill, D., Jones, S., Lines, H. & Watson, A. (2012) Re-thinking Grammar: The Impact of Embedded Grammar Teaching on Students' Writing and Students' Metalinguistic Understanding, Research Papers in Education, 27, pp. 139-166.

- Myhill, D. (2018) Grammar as a Meaning-making Resource for Improving Writing, L1-Educational Studies in Language and Literature, 18, pp. 1-21.

- Nazari, N. (2013) The Effect of Implicit and Explicit Grammar Instruction on Learners’ Achievements in Receptive and Productive Modes, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, pp. 156 –162.

- Omar, D. Y. Z. (2019) Teaching Pedagogical Grammar in Context to Enrich English Language Learners’ Academic Writing, Academic Writing, 13, pp. 213-225.

- Omer, A. A. (2016) Assessing EFL Students’ Development in writing at university level. Unpublished Master’s thesis. Salahaddin University-Erbil.

- Pratolo, B. W. (2017) Exploring Indonesian learners' beliefs about language learning strategies through reflection. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation. Monash University Australia.

- Rampey, C. (2016) Gram Slam! Teaching Contextualized Grammar through Cooperative Learning. Unpublished Master’s thesis. The University of Mary Washington.

- Salem, A. M. S. (2013) The Effect of Using Writer’s Workshop Approach on Developing Basic Writing Skills (Mechanics of Writing) of Prospective Teachers of English in Egypt, English Language Teaching, 6(7), pp. 33-45.

- Salih, M., Sulaiman, A. & Mohammed, H. G. (2019) Evaluating Grammatical Competence in Kurdish EFL Junior Students’ Writings at the English Department, College of Languages, University of Duhok, Journal of University of Duhok, 22(2), pp. 304-324.

- Scott, V. M. (1990) Explicit and Implicit Grammar Teaching Strategies: New Empirical data, The French Review, 63(5), pp. 779- 789.

- Shams, M. (2008) Students’ Attitudes, Motivation and Anxiety towards English Language Learning, Journal of Research, 2(2), pp. 121-144.

- Shirvani, M. (2022) Teachers’ Perceptions about Teaching Grammar to Adolescents: Implicit or Explicit? International Journal of Innovation Scientific Research and Review, 4(9), pp. 3277-3280.

- Sopin, G. (2015) Teachers’ Beliefs and Perceptions of Grammar Teaching in EFL/ ESL Classroom at Misurata University, Libya, International Journal of English Language, Literature in Humanities, 3(10), pp. 467-481.

- Tai, M.Y. (2016) Monograph on 50 Years of Developments in English Language Teaching and Learning in Singapore. English Language Institute of Singapore [Online]. Available at:https://books.google.iq/books/about/Monograph_on_50_Years_of_Developments_in.html?id=33aWnQAACAAJ&redir_esc=y.

- Thornbury, S. (1999) How to Teach Grammar. Essex: Pearson Education Limited.

- Wang, G. H. & Wang, S. D. (2014) Explicit Grammar Instruction for EFL Writing and

Editing: An Exploratory Study at a Korean University, Linguistics and Literature Studies, 2(2), pp. 65-73.

- Weaver, C. (1996) Teaching Grammar in the Context of Writing, The English Journal, 85(7), pp. 15-24.

- Weaver, C. (2008) Grammar to Enrich and Enhance Writing. Portsmouth: Heinemann.

- Weaver, C. (2010) Scaffolding Grammar Instruction for Writers and Writing. In Locke, T. Beyond the Grammar Wars: A Resource for Teachers and Students on Developing Language Knowledge in the English/literacy Classroom, pp. 185-205. New York: Routledge.

- Zemach, D. E., & Islam, C. (2004) Paragraph Writing: From Sentence to Paragraph. Macmillan: Macmillan Publisher Limited.

- Zina, Z. (2015) The Role of Integrative Grammar in Developing Academic Writing: Case Study Second Year Students of English at Biskra University. Unpublished Master’s thesis. University of Biskra.

- Zulfikar, T., Dahliana, S. & Sari, R. A. (2019) An Exploration of English Students’ Attitude towards English Learning, English Language Teaching Educational Journal (ELTEJ), 2(1), pp. 1-12.

منشور

2024-08-15

إصدار

القسم

البحوث