Bombing of Halabja on April 26, 1974

Abstract

In the aftermath of the ceasefire pact between the Iraqi government and the revolutionary leaders in South Kurdistan in April 1974, there ensued a withdrawal of Iraqi governmental bodies and armed forces from specific border regions. These territories, deemed liberated by the Peshmerga forces, saw a notable migration of civilians from various cities and towns in Kurdistan, with Halabja emerging as a focal point for both civilian resettlement and military encampment. However, as hostilities resumed, the Iraqi government initiated aerial bombardments on these liberated territories, singling out urban centers such as Qaladze and Halabja. The devastating bombing of Halabja on April 26, 1974, serves as a poignant moment in this narrative. This study seeks to delve into the pre-bombing circumstances in Halabja, examine the rationale and timing behind the assault, detail its repercussions and destruction, and ultimately present the insights gleaned from this examination.