The Role of Perspective Schematic System in Meaning Construction in Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan

الملخص

The paper examines Perspective Schematic System as one of the five constituting concept structuring categories to find out what is the role of this system in meaning construction process, especially at sentence level. It also attempts to know why, when and how the speakers resort to the components of this system in discourse. The study data is taken from Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan novel and analysed within Talmy’s perspective schematic system model via using introspection method. The analysis showed that this system is pervasive in present and past tenses sentences, and compound, aspectually completed and progressive sentences. Also in organising the structure of the content meanings provided by the open-class subsystem, the majority of the sentences inevitably require this system to construct their meaning. The study has concluded that all the categories of this system are expressed by closed-class subsystem, grammar. The study has also come to the conclusion that this system categories are resorted to when speakers would like to or have to select how to mentally conceptualise and scan a scene or the referent entity in terms of location, distance, mode and direction of viewing among category member options. And then depicted it in language via closed-class subsystem for a situationally and contextually intended purpose.