The Individual Dimension and Its Correlation with Psychological Empowerment Among Physical Education Instructors in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Abstract

The study aimed to assess the level of the individual dimension among instructors at sports institutes in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, identify the most influential factors in enhancing psychological empowerment, and examine the relationship between the individual dimension and psychological empowerment. This was done by developing an individual dimension scale and adapting a psychological empowerment scale.

Using a descriptive survey and correlational approach, the study sampled 120 instructors from a population of 282. The individual dimension scale included 35 items across six axes. Both scales showed high validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90 and 0.91, respectively). Results indicated a moderate level of individual dimension (63.81%) and a good level of psychological empowerment (70.89%). A strong positive correlation was found between the two variables (r =  

0.874, p < 0.05), suggesting that enhancing individual skills contributes to psychological empowerment.

The study concluded that instructors generally exhibit a moderate individual dimension that supports teaching quality, encourages entrepreneurial behavior, and strengthens guidance toward educational goals. Developing individual skills enhances competence, creativity, and initiative.

Recommendations include developing training programs to enhance individual dimension skills, promoting psychological empowerment through participatory policies, strengthening weaker areas through qualification courses, and integrating the individual dimension into performance evaluation to foster continuous learning, innovation, and initiative.