An Evaluation of the Present State and Prospective Trends in Municipal Solid Waste Management within Halabja Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Sami Khasraw  Hamid; Karzan A. Mohammed  Hawrami; Shuokr Qarani  Aziz; Baset Burhan Baset

doi:10.21271/ZJPAS.38.1.10

Authors

Sami Khasraw Hamid Suzhou University of Science and Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering,School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China , Suzhou, Jiangsu, CN 215009
Karzan A. Mohammed Hawrami Halabja Technical institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani , Iraq
Shuokr Qarani Aziz Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq .
Baset Burhan Baset Food science and quality control department, ‌Halabja Technical College, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.38.1.10

Keywords:

Generation Rate, Municipal solid waste, waste management, Halabja province.

Abstract

Inadequate or harmful methods of handling solid waste pose threats to both the environment and public health. As the global population has grown, the production of waste has also increased significantly. Estimating future rates of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation might encourage analysis of gaps in the current waste management and more accurate planning techniques. The main objectives of this study were to assess current status of municipal solid waste management (MSWM): to plan future improvements, advise and promote sustainable waste management solutions, and to predict the quantity of MSW produced from 2025 to 2050 with population growth in Halabja province. The findings indicated that the mean solid waste generation reached 42 tons per day and 1.048 kg per capita per day in 2023.The generation rate (GR) from 2016 to 2023 has increased by 14.88%. The study predicted that the daily waste generation would arrive 306 tons/day and 1.0897 Kg/Capita/Day by 2050. In the Halabja city, an increase in MSW has caused environmental issues. As a result, the MSW disposal site had a significant negative impact on the surrounding areas, including air, water, and soil contamination. The situation of municipal solid waste management in the Halabja city was made clear in this article, and it also provided a thorough analysis and implications of the poor solid waste management in the research area.

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