Influence of some Bio chars and organic fertilizers on some biological parameters of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) at Sulaimani Governorate, IKR.

Bakhtyar abdulkadir Rashid; Akram Othman Esmail

doi:10.21271/ZJPAS.34.6.7

Authors

Bakhtyar abdulkadir Rashid Department of Soil and Water,College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Akram Othman Esmail Department of Soil and Water,College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.34.6.7

Keywords:

Biochars, Humic Acid, sweet corn, Oak charcoal and poultry manure

Abstract

This study was conducted in July 2021 until October 2022 at kanipanka research farm, Sulaimani governorate, IKR with GPS readings of 35⁰ 22’ 25.3^” N, 45⁰ 43^’ 24.5” E to test, the influence of five levels (0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 ton ha^-1) of some treatments such as control (a1), rise husk bio char (a2), oak charcoal (a3) and poultry manure (a5) which equivalent to 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6% w/w% of soil, also five levels (0, 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50 kg ha^-1) of Humic acid (a4) to examine the quantity and quality of sweet corn. Additionally 240kg ha^-1 of triple super phosphate was added to each experimental unit. The result showed that the poultry manure has a great effect on sweet corn compared to biochars due to high content of phosphorus and nitrogen in poultry manure, also biochars such as rice husk and charcoal were effect on TSS%, P concentration in seed and plants. The highest yield (20.61ton ha^-1) was recorded from the interaction treatments of (42 ton ha^-1) of poultry manure, also the highest protein %, oil % and chlorophyll content (14.90%, 5.93% and 44.80 SPAD value) were recorded from the interaction treatments of 56 ton ha^-1 of poultry manure.

References

ABBAS MOHAMMED, A., MAJID, Z. M., SIDIQ KASNAZANY, S. A., OTHMAN RASHIS, Z. & MUSTAFA HAMA, B. 2018. Evaluation of growth, yield and some quality characteristics of sweet corn under effect of different nutrient sources. Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani-For Pure and Applied Science, 20, 561-567.

ALAREFEE AHMED, H., ISHAK, C. F., KARAM, D. S. & OTHMAN, R. 2021. Efficiency of Rice Husk Biochar with Poultry Litter Co-Composts in Oxisols for Improving Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Enhancing Maize Performance. Agronomy, 11, 2409.

CANELLAS, L. P. & OLIVARES, F. L. 2014. Physiological responses to humic substances as plant growth promoter. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 1, 1-11.

DAUR, I. & BAKHASHWAIN, A. A. 2013. Effect of humic acid on growth and quality of maize fodder production. Pak. J. Bot, 45, 21-25.

DAY, P. R. 1965. Particle fractionation and particle‐size analysis. Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 1 Physical and Mineralogical Properties, Including Statistics of Measurement and Sampling, 9, 545-567.

DIVER, S., KUEPPER, G., SULLIVAN, P. & ADAM, K. 2008. Sweet corn: organic production. National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service, managed by the National Center for Appropriate Technology, funded under flagrant from the USDA's Rural Business Cooperative Service. Last Accessed: April, 6, 2011.

DUNCAN, D. B. J. B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. 11, 1-42.

FAISAL, S., SHAH, S. M., MAJID, A. & KHAN, A. 2013. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on protein, yield and related traits of maize varieties. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences (IJACS), 6, 1299-1303.

FARHAD, W., SALEEM, M., CHEEMA, M. & HAMMAD, H. 2009. Effect of poultry manure levels on the productivity of spring maize (Zea mays L.). J. Anim. Plant Sci, 19, 122-125.

GOKMEN, S., ALP, R. & SAKIN, M. The effect of nitrogen and potassium on sweet corn yield and yield components, 3. Third Fertilizer Congress, Tokat, Turkey: Gaziosmanpasa University Press, 2004. 269-276.

IRIYANI, D. & NUGRAHANI, P. 2014. Kandungan klorofil, karotenoid, dan vitamin c beberapa jenis sayuran daun pada pertanian periurban di Kota Surabaya. Jurnal Matematika Sains dan Teknologi, 15, 84-90.

JASIM, A. H., HELMEE, H. & ABDULLAH, K. N. The effect of type and level of organic fertilizer and foliar of humic acid on corn (Zea mays L.) yield and its components. Int. Conf. Adv. Environ. Agric. & Medic. Sci., November (16-17), 28, 2014.

MAJEED, A. J., DIKICI, H. & DEMIR, Ö. F. 2018. Effect of biochar and nitrogen applications on growth of corn (Zea mays L.) plants. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 6, 346-351.

MOHAMMED, A., MAJID, Z., KASNAZANY, S., SALIH, S., MUSTAFA, S. B. & SALIH, O. 2017. Growth and yield quality of sweet corn, as influenced by nitrogen fertilization levels in Sulaimani region. The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science, 48, 1582-1589.

NAIR, A. & LAWSON, V. 2013. Effect of biochar on sweet corn production. Iowa State University Research and Demonstration Farms Progress Reports, 2012.

OLSEN, J., GILES, J. & JORDAN, R. 1990. Post-harvest carbohydrate changes and sensory quality of three sweet corn cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 44, 179-189.

PANGARIBUAN, D. H. & HENDARTO, K. 2018. The effect of organic fertilizer and urea fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of sweet corn and soil health. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6, 335-344.

ROWELL, D. L. 2014. Soil science: Methods & applications, Routledge.

ŞEKER, C. & MANIRAKIZA, N. 2020. Effectiveness of compost and biochar in improving water retention characteristics and aggregation of a sandy clay loam soil under wind erosion. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 15, 5-18.

TURAN, M. A., KATKAT, A. V. & ÇELİK, H. 2011. The effects of soil-applied humic substances to the dry weight and mineral nutrient uptake of maize plants under soil-salinity conditions. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 39, 171-177.