First Occurrence of Plesiomonas shigelloides Bacteria on/ in Carassius carassius and Silurus triostegus Fishes from Greater Zab River in Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

Zhakaw O. Hasan; Samir J. Bilal

doi:10.21271/ZJPAS.32.4.18

Authors

Zhakaw O. Hasan Department of Fish Resource and Aquatic Animals, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Samir J. Bilal Department of Fish Resource and Aquatic Animals, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.32.4.18

Keywords:

Fish pathogen, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Carassius carassius, Silurus triostegus.

Abstract

The present study shows occurrence of Plesiomonas shigelloides bacteria from Carassius carassius and Silurus triostegus that collected in Greater Zab River in Aski-Kalak in Erbil from October 2018 to November 2019. Swaps were taken from lesions on the skin, fins and internal organs of the 34 fishes (14 from C. carassius and 20 from S. triostegus) and inoculated in nutrient agar, blood agar and MacConkey agar. The agar plates were incubated at 37°C for 24-48 hours. Obtained 13 isolates, the bacterial isolates identified depending on some morphological, cultural, some biochemical test and further confirmed by Vitek 2 compound system. For characterization and identification the bacterial colonies were examined and then showed Gram negative reaction and motile. Biochemical tests were done by Vitek 2 compound system and result confirming. The study showed appearance of P. shigelloides on the skin lesions and intestine of the examined fish. The present existence of P. shigelloides bacteria regarded as first record for this bacterium in Iraq on and in fishes.

References

ALI, A.H. 2014. Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus bacteria from fish of fresh water and its antibiotics sensitivity in Mosul City. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research, 1: 33-42.

BEHERA, B.K.; BERA, A.K.; PARIA, P.; DAS, A.; PARIDA, P.K.; SUMAN KUMARI, BHOWMICK, S. and DAS, B.K. 2018. Identification and pathogenicity of Plesiomonas shigelloides in Silver Carp. Aquaculture, 493: 314-318.

BUTT, A.A.; FIGUEROA, J. and MARTIN, D.H. 1997. Ocular infection caused by three unusual marine organisms. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 24(4): 740.

BODHIDATTA, L.; MCDANIEL, P.; SORNSAKRIN, S.; SRIJAN, A.; SERICHANTALERGS, O. and MASON, C. J. 2010. Case-control study of diarrheal disease etiology in a remote rural area in Western Thailand. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 83(5): 1106-1109.

CHEN, X.; CHEN, Y.; YANG, Q.; KONG, H.; YU, F.; HAN, D.; ZHENG, S.; CUI, D. and LI, L. 2013. Plesiomonas shigelloides infection in Southeast China. PLoS One, 8 (11): 1-8. e77877

COAD, B.W. 2010. Freshwater fishes of Iraq. Pensoft Publisher, Sofia: 275 pp+ 16 plates.

FROESE, R. and PAULY, D. 2019. "FishBase", World web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org,version (2019).

GONZÁLEZ, C.; LOPEZ-DIAZ, T.; GARCIA-LOPEZ, M.; PRIETO, M. and OTERO, A. 1999. Bacterial microflora of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta), wild pike (Esox lucius), and aquacultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Food Protection, 62(11): 1270-1277.

HU, Q.; LIN, Q.; SHI, C.; FU, X.; LI, N.; LIU, L. and WU, S. 2014. Isolation and identification of a pathogenic Plesiomonas shigelloides from diseased grass carp. Wei Sheng Wu XueBao Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 54 (2): 229-235.

JANDA, J.M.; ABBOTT, S.L.; CHRISTOPHER J. and MCIVER, C.J. 2016. Plesiomonas shigelloides Revisited. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 29(2): 349-374. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00103-15.

IBRAHIM, I.R.; ABDULLA, S.M.A. and KARIM, A.Y. Detection of Gene in Aeromonas hydrophila from Suspected Farming Fishes (Cyprinus carpio), Erbil Province/Iraq. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (In press).

IBRAHIM, K.S. 2008. Pathological study of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila. M.Sc. Thesis, Coll. Vet. Med., Univ. Duhok.

KHATUN, H.; HOSSAIN, M.D.; JAHAN, S.N. and KHANOM, D.A. 2011. Bacterial infestation in different fish at rajshahi. Journal of Science Foundation, 9 (1&2): 77-84.

KLATTE, J.M.; DASTJERDI, M.H.; CLARK, K.; HARRISON, C.J. and GRIGORIAN, F. 2012. Hyperacute infectious keratitis with Plesiomonas shigelloides following traumatic lamellar corneal laceration. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 31: 1200-1201.

LIU, Z.; KE, X.; LU, M.; GAO, F.; CAO, J.; ZHU, H. and WANG, M. 2015. Identification and pathological observation of a pathogenic Plesiomonas shigelloides strain isolated from cultured tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Wei Sheng Wu XueBao Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 55 (1): 96-106.

MOHAMMAD-ALI, N.R.; BALASEM, A.N. and MUSTAFA, S.R. 2000. Isolation of six bacterial species from Al-Zazfaraniya farm, South of Baghdad. veterinarian , 150-159.

MUSTAFA, A.; RANKADUWA, W. and CAMPBELL, P. 2001. Estimating the cost of sea lice to salmon aquaculture in eastern Canada. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 41: 54-56.

MUSTAFA, KH.KH. 2015. Effects of Some Medical Plants on the Growth of Plesiomonas shigelloides Isolated from Different Water Sources. Duhok Journal, 1-9.

MUSTAFA, KH. KH; MAULUD, S.Q. and PSHTEEWAN, A.H. 2019. Antimicrobial Resistance of Aeromonas salmonicida Isolated From Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)Fishes in Erbil City/ Iraq. Baghdad science Journal. 16(3) .DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.

MUSTAFA, KH.KH. and MUSTAFA, A.KH. 2015. Bacteriological and Molecular Study of Aeromonas sobria Isolated From Different Sources in Erbil Province. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 27(6):11-18.

MUSTAFA, S.I. 2016. Disease agents of Cyprinus carpio from agriculture college fish farm in Erbil city- Kurdistan region. M.Sc. Thesis, Coll. Edu., Univ. Salahaddin.

NISHA, R.G.; RAJATHI, V.; MANIKANDAN, R. and PRABHU, N.M. 2014. Isolation of Plesiomonas shigelloides from infected Cichlid Fishes using 16S rRNA characterization and its control with probiotic Pseudomonas sp. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 42: 1195.

PINCUS, D.H. 2010. Microbial identification using the biomérieux vitek® 2 system. Hazelwood, MO, USA 32.

PĘKALA-SAFIŃSKA, A. 2018. Contemporary threats of bacterial infections in freshwater fish. Journal of Veterinary Research, 62: 261-267.

SALEH, A.A.H. 1997. Evaluation of bacterial content in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and their immune responseagainst Aeromonas hydrophila. M.Sc. Thesis, Coll. Sci., Univ. Basrah.

THONGKAO, K. and SUDJAROEN, Y. 2017. Human pathogenic bacteria isolation from tilapia fishes (Oreochromis niloticus), a possible reservoir for zoonotic transmission. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 10(6): 1563-1568.

OZDEMIR, O.; SARI, S.; TERZIOGLU, S. and ZENCIROGLU, A. 2010. Plesiomonas shigelloides sepsis and meningoencephalitis in a surviving neonate. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, 43: 344-346.

WANG, X.; XU, L.; CAO, H.; WANG, J. and WANG, S. 2013. Identification and drug sensitivity of a Plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from diseased sturgeons. Wei Sheng Wu XueBao Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 53 (7): 723-729.