Investigation of the Microstructure and Wear Properties of AISI 304 Steel Friction Weldments

Jwan Khalil Mohammed; Ramadhan H Gardi; Dlair O. Ramadan

doi:10.21271/ZJPAS.32.4.7

Authors

Jwan Khalil Mohammed Department of Technical Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Erbil Technical Engineering College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
Ramadhan H Gardi Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Dlair O. Ramadan Department of Technical Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Erbil Technical Engineering College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.32.4.7

Keywords:

Rotary friction welding; Wear rate; Austenitic stainless steel 304; Microstructure; Surface roughness

Abstract

In this study, a rotary friction welding technique was used to join austenitic stainless-steel grade AISI 304. The effect of different forging pressure (192.4, 240.5, 288.6 and 384.8 MPa) on wear resistance of AISI 304 were examined using a modified pin on disc tester. The microstructure of the AISI 304 was examined as well using an optical microscope. The wear resistance results of the welded specimens were reported better than as received. The variation of increasing wear loss was uniformly changed with sliding distance. Further, it was noted from the experiments that the wear rate increased with increasing forging pressure in which the minimum wear rate was 3 mm³ at 192.4 MPa while a maximum wear rate (25.823 mm³) occurs at a forging pressure of 384.8 MPa. This is due to the microstructure changes which is decreasing grain size and formation of twin grains and also precipitating carbides.

References

Akbarimousavi, S.A.A. and Goharikia, M. (2011), “Investigations on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Dissimilar cp-Titanium and AISI 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Continuous Friction Welds”, Materials and Design, Elsevier Ltd, Vol. 32, pp. 3066–3075.

Almanza-Casas, E., Perez-López, M.J., Steel, R. and Packer, S. (2011), “Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of 304L and 316L Stainless Steels Friction Stir Welded”, International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Vol. 8, pp. 530–533.

Barzinjy, A.A.A. (2016), “Electrodeposition of Ni-Cr Alloy from Ethaline Deep Eutectic Solvent”, ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 28 No. 2, pp. 47–55.

Chattrakul, K. and Sornsuwit, N. (2018), “Study of surface appearance and composition effect on AISI 304 and 304L stainless steel wear against nylon wire”, Materials Today: Proceedings, Elsevier Ltd, Vol. 5 No. 3, pp. 9319–9325.

Chiu, K.Y., Cheng, F.T. and Man, H.C. (2005), “Laser Cladding of Austenitic Stainless Steel using NiTi Strips for Resisting Cavitation Erosion”, Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 402 No. 1–2, pp. 126–134.

Chowdhury, M.A., Nuruzzaman, D.M., Roy, B.K., Dey, P.K., Mostafa, M.G., Islam, M.S. and Mia, M.R. (2013), “Experimental Investigation on Friction and Wear of Stainless Steel 304 Sliding Against Different Pin Materials”, World Applied Sciences Journal, Vol. 22 No. 12, pp. 1702–1710.

Hu, B., Liu, Y. and Yu, R. (2019), “Numerical Simulation on Magnetic–Mechanical Behaviors of 304 Austenite Stainless Steel”, Measurement, Vol. xxx No. xxxx, p. 107185.

Jia, B., Rusinek, A., Pesci, R., Bahi, S. and Bernier, R. (2020), “Thermo-viscoplastic behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel at various strain rates and temperatures: Testing, modeling and validation”, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Elsevier Ltd, Vol. 170, p. 105356.

Kirik, Ý. and Özdemýr, N. (2015), “Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction-Welded Joints of AISI 1040/AISI 304l Steels”, Materials and Technology, Vol. 49 No. 5, pp. 825–832.

Krishna Kumar, M., Saravanan, R., Sellamuthu, R. and Narayanan, V. (2018), “Microstructure, hardness and wear rate of heat treated Titanium surface alloyed AISI 304 stainless steel”, Materials Today: Proceedings, Elsevier Ltd, Vol. 5 No. 2, pp. 7571–7576.

Mercan, S., Aydin, S. and Özdemir, N. (2015), “Effect of Welding Parameters on the Fatigue Properties of Dissimilar AISI 2205-AISI 1020 Joined by Friction Welding”, International Journal of Fatigue, Elsevier Ltd, Vol. 81, pp. 78–90.

Naeem, M., Iqbal, J., Zakaullah, M., Shafiq, M., Mujahid, Z.I., Díaz-Guillén, J.C., Lopez-Badillo, C.M., et al. (2019), “Enhanced wear and corrosion resistance of AISI-304 steel by duplex cathodic cage plasma treatment”, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 375 No. July, pp. 34–45.

Naplocha, K. and Kaczmar, J.W. (2011), “Wear Mechanisms of Fibre Reinforced Composite Materials based on 2024 and 7075 Aluminum Alloys”, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Vol. 49 No. 2, pp. 180–187.

Palanikumar, P., Gnanasekaran, N., Subrahmanya, K. and Kaliveeran, V. (2019), “Effect of sliding speed and rise in temperature at the contact interface on coefficient of friction during full sliding of SS304”, Materials Today: Proceedings, Elsevier Ltd, No. xxxx, pp. 2–5.

Park, S.H.C., Sato, Y.S., Kokawa, H., Okamoto, K., Hirano, S. and Inagaki, M. (2004), “Corrosion resistance of friction stir welded 304 stainless steel”, Scripta Materialia, Vol. 51 No. 2, pp. 101–105.

Radhika, N., Balajit, V. and Palaniappan, S. (2015), “Studies on Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of LM25/Sic/Al2O3 Composites”, Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 10 No. 2, pp. 134–144.

Ramirez, A.J., Benati, D.M. and Fals, H.C. (2011), “Effect of Tool Offset on Dissimilar Cu-AISI 316 Stainless Steel Friction Stir Welding”, Proceedings of the 21th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, Vol. 8, pp. 548–551.

Rana, H.G., Badheka, V.J. and Kumar, A. (2016), “Fabrication of Al7075 / B4C Surface Composite by Novel Friction Stir Processing (FSP) and Investigation on Wear Properties”, Procedia Technology, Elsevier B.V., Vol. 23, pp. 519–528.

Samir A., A. and Gardi, R.H. (2017), “Effect of Roller Burnishing Tool Pass on Surface Roughness of Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI 316L”, Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 29 No. 6, pp. 75–81.

Thangarasu, A., Murugan, N. and Dinaharan, I. (2014), “Production and wear characterization of AA6082-TiC surface composites by friction stir processing”, Procedia Engineering, Elsevier B.V., Vol. 97, pp. 590–597.

Zhang, Y., Guo, J., Li, Y., Luo, Z. and Zhang, X. (2019), “A comparative study between the mechanical and microstructural properties of resistance spot welding joints among ferritic AISI 430 and austenitic AISI 304 stainless steel”, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, No. x x, pp. 1–10.

Zhao, H., Duan, L., Chen, G., Fan, H., Wang, J. and Zhou, C. (2018), “High corrosion resistance performance of 304 stainless steel after liquid nitrocarburization”, Composites Part B: Engineering, Elsevier Ltd, Vol. 155, pp. 173–177.