Phytochemical screening and anti-candida activities of Crocus cancellatus herb. Ethanol extract

Badr Qader Ismael

doi:10.21271/ZJPAS.33.3.13

Authors

Badr Qader Ismael Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.33.3.13

Abstract

The antifungal, antioxidant activity, total tannin estimation, and phytochemical screening of Crocus Cancellatus extract were investigated. The highest yield was obtained with ethanol solvent (36.1%). A significant amount of tannin was obtained in the plant (11.1%).

In Antifungal testing against Candida spp. The most effective Inhibitory obtained was 13.16mm against C. Krusei, while the less effective activity was 8.22 mm against C. Glabrata. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value obtained against all tested Candida Spp. candida strains within diameter rate of 12.5-25 μg/ml. The minimum inhibitory Effects of tested antifungal agents was FLU/25 which have no any inhibitory effects especially against was Candida famata While the highest inhibitory zone of FLU/25 38.40 mm was obtained against Candida guilliermondii. the maximum antioxidant activity obtained was 98.68% at 0.2 ml.

10 compounds were determined in the content determination study with LC-MS/MS. Gallic acid (46965.14 µg/g), Quinic acid (1935.71 µg/g), and malic acid (3831.37µg/g) were obtained at the highest levels. Vanillic acid (138.2 µg/g), Protocatechuic acid (116.87µg/g), tr-Ferulic acid (51.17µg/g), Quercetin (20.56 µg/g), p-coumaric acid (12.8 µg/g), Chlorogenic acid (2.51 µg/g) and Salicylic acid (1.56 µg/g) were obtained quantitatively less. These results confirmed that the Crocus cancellatus ethanol extract has potential antioxidant and antifungal activity

References

Abdullaev, F.I., Riverón-Negrete, L., Caballero-Ortega, H., Manuel Hernández, J., Pérez-López, I., Pereda-Miranda, R., Espinosa-Aguirre, J.J., 2003. Use of in vitro assays to assess the potential antigenotoxic and cytotoxic effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L.), in: Toxicology in Vitro. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-2333(03)00098-5

Ali Abu-Mejdad, N.M.J., 2014. Research journal of pharmaceutical, biological and chemical sciences: Antifungal activity of some plant extracts against two yeasts isolates in vitro. Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci.

Carranza-Rojas, J., Goeau, H., Bonnet, P., Mata-Montero, E., Joly, A., 2017. Going deeper in the automated identification of Herbarium specimens. BMC Evol. Biol. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-1014-z

Chan, C.H., Yusoff, R., Ngoh, G.C., Kung, F.W.L., 2011. Microwave-assisted extractions of active ingredients from plants. J. Chromatogr. A. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.040

Chryssanthi, D.G., Lamari, F.N., Iatrou, G., Pylara, A., Karamanos, N.K., Cordopatis, P., 2007. Inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation by style constituents of different crocus species. Anticancer Res.

Costa, E., Silva, S., Tavaria, F., Pintado, M., 2014. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of chitosan on the oral pathogen candida albicans. Pathogens. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens3040908

Dalynn Biologicals, Valgas, C., Souza, S.M. De, Smânia, E.F.A., Jr, A.S., Ishak, A.A., Vesković Moračanin, S.M., Dukić, D.A., Memiši, N.R., Klaenhammer, T.R., Ooi, M. F., Mazlan, N., Foo, H. L., Loh, T. C., Rosfarizan, M., Rahim, R. A., Ariff, A., López-Cuellar, M. del R., Rodríguez-Hernández, A.I., Chavarría-Hernández, N., Nithya, V., Halami, P.M., Pal, M., Gebretensay, A., Shiberu, T., Abdurahman, M., Karanfil, O., Cascales, E., Buchanan, S.K., Duche, D., Kleanthous, C., Lloubes, R., Postle, K., Riley, M., Slatin, S., Cavard, D., 2007. McFarland Standard for in vitro use only. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip.

Ellis‐Barrett, L., 2005. The Contemporary Encyclopedia of Herbs & Spices: Seasonings for the Global Kitchen2005202Tony Hill. The Contemporary Encyclopedia of Herbs & Spices: Seasonings for the Global Kitchen . Hoboken, NJ: Wiley 2004. ix+422 pp., ISBN: 0 471 21423 X £30.50/$40 . Ref. Rev. https://doi.org/10.1108/09504120510596373

Erol, O., Kaya, H.B., Şik, L., Tuna, M., Can, L., Tanyolaç, M.B., 2014. Te genus Crocus, series Crocus (Iridaceae) in Turkey and 2 East Aegean Islands: A genetic approach. Turkish J. Biol. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-1305-14

Erol, O., Şik, L., Kaya, H.B., Tanyolaç, B., Küçüker, O., 2011. Genetic diversity of Crocus antalyensis B. Mathew (Iridaceae) and a new subspecies from southern Anatolia. Plant Syst. Evol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-011-0465-8

Ertas, A., Boga, M., Yilmaz, M.A., Yesil, Y., Tel, G., Temel, H., Hasimi, N., Gazioglu, I., Ozturk, M., Ugurlu, P., 2015. A detailed study on the chemical and biological profiles of essential oil and methanol extract of Thymus nummularius (Anzer tea): Rosmarinic acid. Ind. Crops Prod. 67, 336–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.01.064

Garzón, G.A., Riedl, K.M., Schwartz, S.J., 2009. Determination of anthocyanins, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity in Andes berry (Rubus glaucus Benth). J. Food Sci. 74, 227–232. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01092.x

Gismondi, A., Serio, M., Canuti, L., Canini, A., 2012. Biochemical, Antioxidant and Antineoplastic Properties of Italian Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus L</i>.). Am. J. Plant Sci. 03, 1573–1580. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2012.311190

Gülçin, I., Oktay, M., Kireçci, E., Küfrevioǧlu, Ö.I., 2003. Screening of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) seed extracts. Food Chem. 83, 371–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(03)00098-0

Hasmida, M.N., Nur Syukriah, A.R., Liza, M.S., Mohd Azizi, C.Y., 2014. Effect of different extraction techniques on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Quercus infectoria galls. Int. Food Res. J.

Hedges, L. V., Rhoads, C., 2010. Statistical power analysis, in: International Encyclopedia of Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-044894-7.01356-7

Iauk, L., Acquaviva, R., Mastrojeni, S., Amodeo, A., Pugliese, M., Ragusa, M., Loizzo, M.R., Menichini, F., Tundis, R., 2015. Antibacterial, antioxidant and hypoglycaemic effects of Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. et Link leaves’ fractions. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. https://doi.org/10.3109/14756366.2014.930453

Ismael, B.Q., Ismael, H.M., Mala, A., Galalaey, K., 2019. Phytochemical Profile and Antifungal Effect of (Quercus infectoria Oliv.) Plant Root Extract on Several Candida spices. nternational J. Sci. Eng. Res. 9, ISSN 2229-5518.

Jadouali, S.M., Atifi, H., Bouzoubaa, Z., Majourhat, K., Gharby, S., Achemchem, F., Elmoslih, A., Laknifli, A., Mamouni, R., 2018. Chemical characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Moroccan Crocus sativus L petals and leaves. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 9, 113–118. https://doi.org/10.26872/jmes.2018.9.1.14

Kerndorff, H., Pasche, E., 2006. Crocus biflorus (Liliiflorae, Iridaceae) in Anatolia (Part Three). Linzer Biol. Beitrage.

Kerndorff, H., Pasche, E., 2004. Two New Taxa of the Crocus biflorus Aggregate (Liliiflorae, Iridaceae) from Turkey. Linzer Biol. Beitrage.

Kheirandish, F., Delfan, B., Mahmoudvand, H., Moradi, N., Ezatpour, B., Ebrahimzadeh, F., Rashidipour, M., 2016. Antileishmanial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of Quercus infectoria Olivier extract. Biomed. Pharmacother. 82, 208–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.040

Loizzo, M.R., Tundis, R., Menichini, Federica, Statti, G.A., Menichini, Francesco, 2008. Influence of ripening stage on health benefits properties of Capsicum annuum var. cuminatum L.: In vitro studies. J. Med. Food. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2007.638

Manach, C., Scalbert, A., Morand, C., Rémésy, C., Jiménez, L., 2004. Polyphenols: Food sources and bioavailability. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05488

Moraga, Á.R., Rambla, J.L., Ahrazem, O., Granell, A., Gómez-Gómez, L., 2009. Metabolite and target transcript analyses during Crocus sativus stigma development. Phytochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.04.022

Muzaffar, S., Rather, S.A., Khan, K.Z., 2016. In vitro bactericidal and fungicidal activities of various extracts of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigmas from Jammu & Kashmir, India. Cogent Food Agric. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2016.1158999

Mykhailenko, O., Kovalyov, V., Goryacha, O., Ivanauskas, L., Georgiyants, V., 2019. Biologically active compounds and pharmacological activities of species of the genus Crocus: A review. Phytochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.02.004

National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, N., 2015. M02-A12: Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests; Approved Standard—Twelfth Edition. Clin. Lab. Stand. Inst.

Rahman, L.Q., Qader, B., Surchi, I., Khalid, P., 2017. Anti-Microbial and Antioxidant Effect of Water Extract of Eucalyptus globulus And Quercus persica Plants on Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria. Diyala J. Med. 12, 65–73.

Tavakkol-Afshari, J., Brook, A., Mousavi, S.H., 2008. Study of cytotoxic and apoptogenic properties of saffron extract in human cancer cell lines. Food Chem. Toxicol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2008.08.018

Wali, A.F., Ahmed, H., Alchamat, A., Hariri, H.K., 2020. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic and Cytotoxic Activity of Crocus sativus L. Petals Adil. Appl. Sci. 15, 1–12.

Z Sahin, A., A Mou, M., Pervin, A., Karim, M., Tajwar, A., H Asim, M., Salim, M., Al Mamun, A., 2019. Antimicrobial activity of natural compounds from Kalanchoe crenata against pathogenic bacteria. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. https://doi.org/10.15761/cmid.1000162