Propagation Characteristics of Electromagnetic Waves in Multilayered Biological Human Tissue

Fayyadh H. Ahmed

doi:10.21271/ZJPAS.33.3.3

Authors

Fayyadh H. Ahmed Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.33.3.3

Keywords:

Electromagnetic Waves, Multilayered tissue, Human Organ phantom, reflection coefficient and standing wave ratio, specific absorption rate (SAR).

Abstract

This paper uses CST-2014 software package and Matlab 2018b to provide the data required to analyze the propagation mode characteristics of the electromagnetic waves (EM) inside multilayered tissue structure such as tissue layer impedance (Z) and tissue layers interface reflection coefficient (K). Moreover, the paper presents the distribution behavior of the electrical field (E-Field) and specific absorption rate (SAR) inside multilayered tissue.

The results show that the value of K is of the order of 0.7 at the air-skin interface, but it is about 0.1 at the tissue-tissue interface. The results also reveal that the SAR is directly proportioned to the frequency; in contrast, the standing wave (SW) of the E-filed is inversely proportioned with frequency.

Three multilayered phantoms (body-shell, thyroid, and testis) were adopted, and the results were obtained at three resonant frequencies over the ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency span of 3GHz, 6.5GHz, and 10GHz. The simulation results proof the computational formulas.

References

Adah, A. S. et al. (2018) ‘Effects of electromagnetic radiations on the male reproductive system’, Anatomy Journal of Africa, 7(1), pp. 1152–1161.

Amon, N. R., Mahbub, I. and Saha, P. K. (2017) ‘Propagation characteristics of ultra-wideband pulse in multilayered human chest tissue’, 2016 3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information and Communication Technology, iCEEiCT 2016, pp. 8–12. doi: 10.1109/CEEICT.2016.7873079.

Baby, N. M., Koshy, G. and Mathew, A. (2017) ‘The effect of electromagnetic radiation due to mobile phone use on thyroid function in medical students studying in a medical college in South India’, Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism. Wolters Kluwer--Medknow Publications, 21(6), p. 797.

G., A. and E., Y. (2019) ‘Portability of Skin Tissue for Prevention of High Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in Inner Tissues at ISM and MICS Frequencies’, International Journal of Computer Applications, 178(48), pp. 20–23. doi: 10.5120/ijca2019919386.

Genovesi, S., Butterworth, I. and Daniel, L. (2018) ‘Design of Matching Layers for Increasing the Electrical Field Penetration inside Human Tissue’, 2018 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, APSURSI 2018 - Proceedings, pp. 589–590. doi: 10.1109/APUSNCURSINRSM.2018.8609251.

GHAFAR, N. B. A. (2005) DESIGN OF A COMPACT MICROSTRIP ANTENNA AT 2.4GHZ. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Available at: http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/2999/.

Greenebaum, B. (2018) Bioengineering and Biophysical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields, Bioengineering and Biophysical Aspects of Electromagnetic Fields. doi: 10.1201/9781315186580.

Hasgall, P. A. et al. (2015) ‘IT’IS Database for thermal and electromagnetic parameters of biological tissues’, Version 3.0.

Johnson, C. C. and Guy, A. W. (1972) ‘Nonionizing electromagnetic wave effects in biological materials and systems’, Proceedings of the IEEE, 60(6), pp. 692–718. doi: 10.1109/PROC.1972.8728.

Klemetsen, Ø. (2012) ‘Design and evaluation of a medical microwave radiometer for observing temperature gradients subcutaneously in the human body’. Universitetet i Tromsø.

Kumar, V. and Kumar, S. (2014) ‘Antenna in Vicinity of Dispersive Human Layered Tissue Model’, pp. 223–227.

Mishra, V. et al. (2016) ‘Computation of effective dielectric constant and electric field in the human head: A preliminary study for electromagnetic wave effect’, 2015 IEEE 10th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, ICIIS 2015 - Conference Proceedings, pp. 214–219. doi: 10.1109/ICIINFS.2015.7399013.

Mohammed, Y. E. and Saber, A. G. (2014) ‘Estimation of E-Field inside Muscle Tissue at MICS and ISM Frequencies Using Analytic and Numerical Methods’, Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, 2(3), pp. 29–33. doi: 10.12691/jbet-2-3-1.

Mugunthan, N. et al. (2015) ‘Effects of chronic exposure to 2g and 3g cell phone radiation on mice testis – a randomized controlled trial’, International Journal of Current Research and Review, 7(4), pp. 36–47. Available at: http://www.scopemed.org/?mno=181637.

Schwan, H. P. and Li, K. (1956) ‘Hazards due to total body irradiation by radar’, Proceedings of the IRE. IEEE, 44(11), pp. 1572–1581.

Stratton, J. A. (2007) Electromagnetic theory. John Wiley & Sons.

Velayutham, K., Sivan Arul Selvan, S. and Unnikrishnan, A. G. (2015) ‘Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among young females in a South Indian population’, Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 19(6), pp. 781–784. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.167546.