Association between some serum oxidative stress biomarkers and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients in Erbil City

Hemn Jameel Majeed; Gulzar Ismael Ibrahim; Pshtiwan Abdullah Yousif; Saman Muhsin Abdulkareem4

doi:10.21271/ZJPAS.33.1.11

Authors

Hemn Jameel Majeed Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan-Region, Iraq
Gulzar Ismael Ibrahim Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan-Region, Iraq
Pshtiwan Abdullah Yousif Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan-Region, Iraq
Saman Muhsin Abdulkareem4 Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan-Region, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.33.1.11

Keywords:

Type 2 Diabetes, Oxidative Stress, Fasting Blood Sugar, Lipid Profile.

Abstract

Increased oxidative stress appears to be a negative factor leading to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, β-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose tolerance, and ultimately leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the study is to investigate some serum oxidative biomarkers, lipids, and their association with hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. The 100 participants (50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 50 healthy individuals) were enrolled in the present study. Anthropometric measures, serum fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, oxidative biomarkers, and serum lipid profiles were evaluated. The results showed that the level of malondialdehyde, fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin_,and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes is higher than those in the control group, while nitric oxide was lower in diabetic than those in the control group. There are also insignificant changes in fasting blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin between baseline and after 3 months follow up. The results showed no linear relationship between oxidative damage and abnormal lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes. It can be concluded that the serum level of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide_, along with lipid parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes, can be a useful tool for monitoring of type 2 diabetes.

References

ABDOULRAHMAN, K. K. 2017. Lipid profile, oxidative stress and homocysteine in CRF patients pre-and post-hemodialysis in Erbil city. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 29, 65-73.

ABDULKAREEM, S. & NANAKALI, N. 2019. QUERCETIN REDUCES OXIDATIVE STRESS DAMAGE TO REPRODUCTIVE PROFILE INDUCED BY 2, 3, 7, 8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN IN MALE ALBINO RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS L.). APPLIED ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, 17, 13185-13197.

AKBARI, A., JELODAR, G. & NAZIFI, S. 2016. The proposed mechanisms of radio frequency waves (RFWs) on nervous system functions impairment. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 25, 1289-1301.

AMERICAN DIABETES, A. 2009. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes care, 32 Suppl 1, S62-S67.

BHOWMIK, B., SIDDIQUEE, T., MUJUMDER, A., AFSANA, F., AHMED, T., MDALA, I. A., DO V MOREIRA, N. C., KHAN, A. K. A., HUSSAIN, A., HOLMBOE-OTTESEN, G. & OMSLAND, T. K. 2018. Serum Lipid Profile and Its Association with Diabetes and Prediabetes in a Rural Bangladeshi Population. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15, 1944.

BHUTIA, Y., GHOSH, A., SHERPA, M. L., PAL, R. & MOHANTA, P. K. 2011. Serum malondialdehyde level: Surrogate stress marker in the Sikkimese diabetics. Journal of natural science, biology, and medicine, 2, 107.

BIGAGLI, E. & LODOVICI, M. 2019. Circulating Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Clinical Studies on Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2019.

CADE, W. T. 2008. Diabetes-related microvascular and macrovascular diseases in the physical therapy setting. Physical therapy, 88, 1322-1335.

CORTAS, N. K. & WAKID, N. W. 1990. Determination of inorganic nitrate in serum and urine by a kinetic cadmium-reduction method. Clin Chem, 36, 1440-3.

DALLE-DONNE, I., ROSSI, R., COLOMBO, R., GIUSTARINI, D. & MILZANI, A. 2006. Biomarkers of oxidative damage in human disease. Clin Chem, 52, 601-23.

DESHPANDE, A. D., HARRIS-HAYES, M. & SCHOOTMAN, M. 2008. Epidemiology of diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Physical therapy, 88, 1254-1264.

HALPERN, A., MANCINI, M. C., MAGALHÃES, M. E. C., FISBERG, M., RADOMINSKI, R., BERTOLAMI, M. C., BERTOLAMI, A., DE MELO, M. E., ZANELLA, M. T., QUEIROZ, M. S. & NERY, M. 2010. Metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension and type 2 diabetes in youth: from diagnosis to treatment. Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2, 55-55.

IBRAHIM, M. A. 2018. Metformin ameliorates diabetes mellitus in Kurds patients by attenuation of serum cortisol and copper levels. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 30, 48-56.

ITO, F., SONO, Y. & ITO, T. 2019. Measurement and Clinical Significance of Lipid Peroxidation as a Biomarker of Oxidative Stress: Oxidative Stress in Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, and Chronic Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 8, 72.

JELODAR, G., AKBARI, A., PARVAEEI, P. & NAZIFI, S. 2018. Vitamin E protects rat testis, eye and erythrocyte from oxidative stress during exposure to radiofrequency wave generated by a BTS antenna model. International Journal of Radiation Research, 16, 217-224.

KAEFER, M., DE CARVALHO, J. A., PIVA, S. J., DA SILVA, D. B., BECKER, A. M., SANGOI, M. B., ALMEIDA, T. C., HERMES, C. L., COELHO, A. C., TONELLO, R., MOREIRA, A. P., GARCIA, S. C., MORETTO, M. B. & MORESCO, R. N. 2012. Plasma malondialdehyde levels and risk factors for the development of chronic complications in type 2 diabetic patients on insulin therapy. Clin Lab, 58, 973-8.

KARUNAKARAN, U. & PARK, K.-G. 2013. A systematic review of oxidative stress and safety of antioxidants in diabetes: focus on islets and their defense. Diabetes & metabolism journal, 37, 106-112.

MAHREEN, R., MOHSIN, M., NASREEN, Z., SIRAJ, M. & ISHAQ, M. 2010. Significantly increased levels of serum malonaldehyde in type 2 diabetics with myocardial infarction. International journal of diabetes in developing countries, 30, 49-51.

MARCHIO, P., GUERRA-OJEDA, S., VILA, J. M., ALDASORO, M., VICTOR, V. M. & MAURICIO, M. D. 2019. Targeting Early Atherosclerosis: A Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2019, 8563845-8563845.

MATOUGH, F. A., BUDIN, S. B., HAMID, Z. A., ALWAHAIBI, N. & MOHAMED, J. 2012. The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in diabetic complications. Sultan Qaboos University medical journal, 12, 5-18.

NGISSAH, P. 2013. Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ghana.

NITA, M. & GRZYBOWSKI, A. 2016. The Role of the Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in the Pathomechanism of the Age-Related Ocular Diseases and Other Pathologies of the Anterior and Posterior Eye Segments in Adults. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2016, 3164734-3164734.

OGUNTIBEJU, O. O. 2019. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress and inflammation: examining the links. International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology, 11, 45-63.

PIZZINO, G., IRRERA, N., CUCINOTTA, M., PALLIO, G., MANNINO, F., ARCORACI, V., SQUADRITO, F., ALTAVILLA, D. & BITTO, A. 2017. Oxidative stress: harms and benefits for human health. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2017.

RAO, V. & KIRAN, R. 2011. Evaluation of correlation between oxidative stress and abnormal lipid profile in coronary artery disease. J Cardiovasc Dis Res, 2, 57-60.

SAIFER, A. & GERSTENFELD, S. 1958. The photometric microdetermination of blood glucose with glucose oxidase. The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 51, 448-460.

SHINDE, S. N., DHADKE, V. N. & SURYAKAR, A. N. 2011. Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Follow-up Along with Vitamin E Supplementation. Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB, 26, 74-77.

STEVEN, S., FRENIS, K., OELZE, M., KALINOVIC, S., KUNTIC, M., BAYO JIMENEZ, M. T., VUJACIC-MIRSKI, K., HELMSTÄDTER, J., KRÖLLER-SCHÖN, S., MÜNZEL, T. & DAIBER, A. 2019. Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Major Triggers for Cardiovascular Disease. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2019, 7092151-7092151.

TAKAHASHI, T. & HARRIS, R. C. 2014. Role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in diabetic nephropathy: lessons from diabetic eNOS knockout mice. Journal of diabetes research, 2014, 590541-590541.

WEYKAMP, C., JOHN, W. G. & MOSCA, A. 2009. A review of the challenge in measuring hemoglobin A1c. Journal of diabetes science and technology, 3, 439-445.