Constructing a scale of aggressive behaviors of students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences towards professors from the perspective of the teaching staff at the Salahaddin University-Erbil

Abstract

The aim of the research was to develop a scale to measure the manifestations of aggressive behaviors among students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Salahaddin University - Erbil, and to identify the dimensions of these behaviors. The researcher used the descriptive analytical method with a survey approach to study the reality and analyze the causes and effects of these behaviors. The research community was selected purposively, consisting of the teaching staff of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Salahaddin University, totaling 125 faculty members and coaches according to the university's statistics. The researcher then chose a stratified random sample of 110 faculty members and coaches, representing 88% of the research community, forming the actual sample for the study. The scale was designed with 40 items distributed across five dimensions to measure the manifestations of aggressive behaviors among students. Necessary statistical operations were conducted to formulate the scale both linguistically and scientifically. The study results showed that the level of aggressive behaviors among students was high, particularly in verbal and physical aggression, and these behaviors are likely influenced by social and psychological factors. While indirect aggression was less apparent, the misuse of technology and social media appeared to play a significant role in enhancing cyberbullying among students.