Unpacking Challenges in the Path of Bureaucratic System and Institutionalization in the Kurdistan Region

List of references

First: Books

Almond, G, A., Powell, G, B. (1969) ‘The Political System’, in Blondel, J. (ed.) Comparative Government. United Kingdom.

Breuning, M., & Ishiyama, J. T. (2014). Neoinstitutionalism. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

Ezrow, N. M., & Frantz, E. (2013). Failed states and institutional decay: Understanding instability and poverty in the developing world. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.

Huntington, S. (2006) Political Order in Changing Societies, 2nd edn. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.

Kingsbury, D. (2007) Political Development. United Kingdom: Routledge.

Knight, J. (1992) Institutions and Social Conflict. UK: Cambridge University Press.

Peters, B, G. (1999). Institutional Theory in Political Science: The New Institutionalism. London: Pinter.

Roxborough, I. (1979). Theories of Underdevelopment. London: Macmillan Press.

Jawhar, B. S. (2021). Political Trust in Kurdistan Region’s Political System, Tehran, First Edition. [In Kurdish: متمانەی سیاسی بە سیستەمی سیاسی هەرێمی کوردستان].

Stansfield, G, R, V. (2003). Iraqi Kurdistan Political Development and Emergent Democracy. London: Routledge Curzon.

Voller, Y. (2014). The Kurdish liberation movement in Iraq: From insurgency to statehood. Routledge.

Weber, M. (1968). Basic Concept in Sociology. Translated by Secher, H, P. London: Lowe and Brydone.

Second: Research and Articles

Amenta, E., & Ramsey, K. M. (2010). Institutional theory. Handbook of politics: State and society in global perspective, 15-39.

Aziz, S. (2022) Iraqi Kurdistan’s Political Landscape After The 2021 Elections, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/amman/19741.pdf

Bakr, M. (2021) The war at Home: The Need for Internarl Security Sector Reform in Iraqi Kurdistan, The Middle East Institute.

Bodnieks, V. (2020). The New Institutionalism: A tool for analysing defence and security institutions. Security and Defence Quarterly, 32(5), 83-94.

Connelly, M. and Fleet, M. (2022), Living Apart Together: Decentralized Governance in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, IRIS Report, American University of Iraq, Sulaimani. https://auis.edu.krd/iris/sites/default/files/Final%20%20Living%20Apart%20Together%20-%202%20Nov%2020.pdf

Crone, D, K. (1988) ‘State, Social Elites, and Government Capacity in Southeast Asia’, World Politics, 40(2).

Francis, S. (2011). Institutionalizing elites: Political elite formation and change in the KwaZulu-Natal provincial legislature (Vol. 23). Brill.

Glaeser, E, L., La Porta, R., Lopez-De-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A. (2004) ‘Do Institutions Cause Growth?’, Journal of Economic Growth, 9(3).

Hali, A. (2019) State-Building in Iraqi Kurdistan: A Success or Failure? Unpublished Master dissertation, University of Kurdistan Hewlêr.

Huntington, S. (1965) ‘Political Development and Political Decay’, World Politics, 17(3).

Khalil, H. M (2021) The Connection Between Good Governance and Decentralization: Kurdistan Region as a Case Study, Twejer Journal, Soran university, 4(1), pp375-400. [In Kurdish: هیوا مەجید خەلیل، (٢٠٢١) پەیوەندیی نێوان حوکمڕانی باش و سیستەمی لامەرکەزیی: خوێندنەوەیەک بۆ دۆخی هەرێمی کوردستان، گۆڤاری توێژەر، ٤(١)، ل ٣٧٥-٤٠٠]

Khalil, H. M (2016), The Obstacles to Political Development in the Kurdistan Region 1992-2014, Unpablished Thesis, Bangor University.

Leezenberg, M. (2017). Iraqi Kurdistan: a porous political space. Anatoli. De l’Adriatique à la Caspienne. Territoires, Politique, Sociétés, (8), 107-131.

Lutzker, M. A. (1982). Max Weber and the analysis of modern bureaucratic organization: Notes toward a theory of appraisal. The American Archivist, 45(2), 119-130.

MacQueen, B. (2015). Democratization, elections and the ‘de facto state dilemma’: Iraq’s Kurdistan Regional Government. Cooperation and Conflict, 50(4).

Jaff, N. (2022) PUK and KDP: A New Era of Conflict, Washington Institute, visited at: 29/1/2023 https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/puk-and-kdp-new-era-conflict

Nelson, J, N. (1984) ‘The Political Economy of Stabilization: Commitment, Capacity, and Public Response’, World Development, 12(10).

North, D. (1993) 'Institutions and Credible Commitment', Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), 149(1).

NURİ, Z. M. (2022). POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE DE-FACTO KURDISTAN REGION-IRAQ. Kurdiname, (6), 122-143.

Palani, K., Khidir, J., Dechesne, M., & Bakker, E. (2019). The development of Kurdistan’s de facto statehood: Kurdistan’s September 2017 referendum for independence. Third World Quarterly, 40(12), 2270-2288.

Palani, K., Khidir, J., Dechesne, M., & Bakker, E. (2021). Strategies to gain international recognition: Iraqi Kurdistan's September 2017 referendum for independence. Ethnopolitics, 20(4), 406-427.

Palani, K. (2022). Kurdistan’s de facto statehood: A new explanatory framework. Taylor & Francis.

Parsons, T. (1990). 'Prolegomena to a Theory of Social Institutions', American Sociological, 55(3).

Phillips, N., Lawrence, T. B., & Hardy, C. (2004). Discourse and institutions. Academy of management review, 29(4), 635-652.

Saleem, Z. and Skelton, M. (2020). LSE Middle East Centre Paper Series, https://auis.edu.krd/iris/sites/default/files/MEC_assessing_iraqi_kurdistans_stability_published.pdf

Salih, Y. (2020), Political Parties and Obstacles to Building Institutional Power in the Kurdistan Region, Shrovah Journal, Erbil, No 31. [In Kurdish].

Zucker, L. G. (1987). Institutional theories of organization. Annual review of sociology, 13(1), 443-464.

Third: Legislations and International Agreements

Kurdistan Parliament – Iraq, Law No. 8 (2011) An act against domestic violence, https://www.parliament.krd/english/parliament-activities/legislation/2011/

Kurdistan Parliament-Iraq, Law No. 20 (2007) An act for the Kurdistan Region – Iraq January 1 –December 31, 2007 Budget, https://www.parliament.krd/english/parliament-activities/legislation/2007/

Kurdistan Parliament– Iraq The Law of the Provinces of the Kurdistan Region, 2009 Law number 3.

Kurdistan Parliament – Iraq, Law No. 3 (2009) An act for the provinces of the Kurdistan Region – Iraq.

Kurdistan Parliament – Iraq, parliament legislation for all unified ministry in 2006.

Kurdistan Parliament – Iraq, parliament legislation for all unified ministry in 2007.

Kurdistan Parliament-Iraq, Law No. 20 (2007) An act for the Kurdistan Region – Iraq January 1 – December 31, 2007 Budget.

Fourth: Electronic Resources and Websites

Office of the Secretary of Defense (2023). Justification for FY 2024 Counter-Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) Train and Equip Fund (CTEF). available at: file:///C:/Users/ElectroMall/Downloads/Iraq&syria%202024.pdf

Wahab, B. (2020). Divisions in Iraqi Are Costing the United States a Reliable Partner, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/pdf/view/1072/en

Wahab, B. (2023). The Rise and Fall of Kurdish Power in Iraq, Washington Institute, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/rise-and-fall-kurdish-power-iraq

Fifth: Interview

Abdulkakeem Khosro, PhD in Political Science, the Head of Department of Coordination and Follow-Up In Ninth Cabinet. Date of Interview 23/8/2022.

Chwas Hassan, Assistant Professor In Constitutional Law, Kurdistan parliament Consultant, Date of Interview 18/8/2022.

Hemn Merany, Assistant Professor in Political Science, Director General of Diwan at Ministry of Interior KRG, Date of Interview 30/8/2022.

Houssein Kordnejad, Economic Program Manager in Institute for Research and Development-Kurdistan, MA in Democratic Development, Date of Interview 30/1/2023.

Hussamaddin Ali Gilly, Assistant Professor, Collage of Political Science, Salahaddin University. Date of Interview 26/8/2022.

Layla Amir, PhD in Sociology, Former member of Iraqi Kurdistan Parliament, Date of Interview 24/3/2023.

Omer Nuraddini, Assistant Professor, Former member of Iraqi Kurdistan Parliament, Date of Interview 29/4/2023.

Zubir Rasool Ahmed, Assistant Professor, Collage of Political Science, Salahaddin University, Researcher in National Research Center/ Kurdistan Region Presidency. Date of Interview 21/8/2022.

Saro Qadir, Head of the Institute for Research and Development- Kurdistan (Interview on 7 June 2014 for researcher PhD project.