The President and his specialazation in the Perlamantary and federal System in Iraq

Abstract

Iraq has chosen the parliamentary system as the political system of government under the 2005 constitution, and the parliamentary system is characterized by the existence 0f two heads of executive power, one of them is the head of the state, weather he is a king or president of republic, and the another he is the prime ministers. And while the position of president of the republic in the parliamentary system is an honorary and protocol position and enjoy some honorary powers, on the other hand, he is not politically responsible, at the same time in this system the prime minister is exercise all the executive authority through the council of ministers, and be politically responsible for his actions. When you read the provisions of the constitution, especially Article(67), superficially and quickly, you think at first glance that the President of the Republic has great and wide powers, but after scrutiny in these provisions especially Article (73) of the constitution, it become clear that his powers are even less than the powers of his peers in other parliamentary systems, and that though he given some powers in the Article (73), but it came with restrictions, so he cannot exercise it on his own. For example, the first paragraph of Article of the constitution provided for granting the President of the Republic the power of issue a special pardon, but his exercise of this power must be preceded by the issuance of a recommendation from the prime minister. And so it is with most other powers, as he cannot exercise them alone, but must be accompanied by an initiative or approval from another side, therefore we not that the role of the President of the Republic in the ongoing political process in Iraq since 2005 is a marginal role.  Therefore, he didn’t   leave any imprint on the political arena of the country. And despite he being the protector of the constitution, he didn’t lift a finger in the face of the repeated violations to which the constitution is constantly exposed, and in the face of obstructing the implementation much of its Articles.