The Syrian crisis A study of the role and impact of regional actors “Turkish intervention as an example”

Abstract

        The Syrian crisis, originating from protests within the Arab Spring revolutions in 2011, evolved into a protracted civil war under Bashar al-Assad's regime, resulting in widespread destruction, suffering, and a severe humanitarian crisis. Various regional and international actors played decisive roles in shaping the trajectory of the conflict, contributing to its complexity and hindering sustainable resolutions.

Among these actors, Turkey emerged as a significant regional player, initially supporting armed opposition groups against the Syrian regime. However, Ankara's motives and priorities shifted over time due to concerns about the growing influence of Kurdish groups along its southern border. Consequently, Turkey redirected its focus to contain these groups, launching military operations such as "Operation Euphrates Shield" in 2016 and " Operation Olive Branch" in 2018. The objective was to repel Kurdish forces, particularly the Kurdish Protection Units (YPG), from its borders and establish buffer zones in these areas.

Researching a significant and sensitive topic such as the Syrian crisis, specifically analysing the role and influence of regional factors, requires a comprehensive exploration of various dimensions. Initially, employing a historical approach becomes imperative to demonstrate the historical background of the Syrian crisis in a detailed manner. Subsequently, adopting an analytical approach facilitates the exploration and analysis of the primary factors that precipitated the onset of the crisis. Lastly, the utilization of a case study approach proves instrumental in understanding the key reasons behind Turkish intervention. This involves aiding select Syrian opposition parties and forces loyal to them during the crisis's early stages, culminating in subsequent military intervention aimed at realizing Turkey's overarching ambitions and objectives.

Turkey's direct intervention in the Syrian crisis aimed at securing its borders, mitigating perceived threats to national interests, and preventing the consolidation of Kurdish-controlled areas along its borders. While showcasing a proactive stance, Turkey's interventions also underscored the complexities and risks associated with such actions in the intricate context of the Syrian crisis. These interventions, while seeking to address immediate security concerns, have raised apprehensions about long-term repercussions, contributing to heightened tensions in the region.