Legal regulation of the rights of the visually impaired in the Marrakesh Treaty of 2013 and national laws
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21271/ZJlP.21.35.2Keywords:
Copyrights, Author Rights, Related Rights, Marrakesh Treaty, Rights of Visually Impaired People.Abstract
The Member States of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) adopted the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons Who Are Blind, Visually Impaired or Otherwise Print Disabled, on June 27, 2013 in Marrakesh. The treaty forms part of the body of international copyright treaties administered by WIPO. The Treaty has a clear humanitarian and social development dimension and its main goal is to create a set of mandatory limitations and exceptions for the benefit of the blind, visually impaired, and otherwise print disabled. On this basis, we found it necessary to study the Iraq and Kurdistan laws for copyrights and related rights in line with the provision of the Marrakesh Treaty, so as to evaluate their compatibility with the rules and provisions of the Marrakesh Treaty and their observance of human rights practices, particularly freedom of expression, education, participation in the cultural life of society and scientific progress also to produce concrete legal results by proposing specific legal texts that could be used to develop the existing laws to protect copyright and related rights in Iraq and the Kurdistan region of Iraq in one hand, and to benefit an important segment of society who are people with the special needs, namely the blind, visually impaired and Otherwise Print Disabled, through the adoption of a set of mandatory limitations and exceptions for the benefit of the mentioned target group on the national Iraq and Kurdistan region levels.
References
أولاً: المصادر باللغة العربية:
أ. القوانين العراقية والكوردستانية
قانون حماية حق المؤلف العراقي رقم (3) لسنة (1971) بأمر سلطة الائتلاف المؤقتة (المنحلة) رقم (83) لسنة (2004) والمنشور في الوقائع العراقية ذي العدد (3984) في (162004).
قانون حق المؤلف والحقوق المجاورة لها في اقليم كوردستان العراق رقم (17) لسنة (2012)، والمنشور في وقائع كوردستان في العدد (157) في (2122013).
ب. قوانين الدول الأخرى:
قانون حق المؤلف والحقوق المجاورة الكويتي المعدل لسنة 2019.
المذكرة الايضاحية للقانون الكويتي لسنة 2019.
ت. الإتفاقيات والمعاهدات الدولية:
إتفاقية برن لحماية المصنفات الأدبية والفنية لسنة (1886) والمعدل بوثيقة باريس المؤرخة (24) تموز (1971) والمعدلة في (28) أيلول (1979).
إتفاقية الجوانب المتصلة بالتجارة من حقوق الملكية الفكرية (تربس) لسنة (1994).
معاهدة مراكش معاهدة مراكش لتيسير النفاذ إلى المصنفات المنشورة لفائدة الأشخاص المكفوفين أو معاقي البصر أو ذوي إعاقات أخرى في قراءة المطبوعات عام 2013.
البيانات المتفق عليها لمعاهدة مراكش لتيسير النفاذ إلى المصنفات المنشورة لفائدة الأشخاص المكفوفين أو معاقي البصر أو ذوي إعاقات أخرى في قراءة المطبوعات.
معاهدة الويبو بشأن حماية حق المؤلف لسنة (1996).
ثانياً: المصادر باللغة الأجنبية:
أ. الكتب:
American Foundation for the Blind and other, Long Form Comment Proposed Class 9: Literary Works Distributed Electronically - Assistive Technologies, before the U.S. Copyright Office, Library of Congress,<https://www.copyright.gov/1201/2015/comments-020615/InitialComments_LongForm_AFBetal_Class09.pdf >, Last visited (19/02/2021).
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Helfer, Laurence R., and Graeme W. Austin. Human rights and intellectual property: Mapping the global interface. Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Mihlay Ficsor “Commentary to the Marrakesh Treaty on Accessible Format Copies for the Visually Impaired” (11 October 2013) Copyright See , Last visited (19/02/2021).
Simonetta Vezzoso “The Marrakesh Spirit – A Ghost in Three Steps?” (2014) 45 International Review of Intellectual Property 796 P 806- 809 for a discussion of the “Berne gap”.
ب. التقارير:
Council of the European Union, Outcome of the Council Meeting, Brussels, 19 May 2015, 8967/15.
Join statement of the representative of EFF and IFLA <https://www.ifla.org/node/7368 > Last visited (19/02/2021).
WIPO SCCR, Study on Copyright Limitations and Exceptions for the visually impaired, prepared by Judith Sullivan, SCCR/15/7, 20 February 2007.
WIPO SCCR/17/5, November 3 to 7, 2008.
WIPO SCCR 18/7, May 25 to 29, 2009.
WIPO SCCR/18/8, May 25 to 29, 2009.
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ث. المقالات (Journals):
Justin Hughes “The Marrakesh Treaty for the Blind – and the Future of Global Copyright” (5 August 2013) the Media Institute <https://www.mediainstitute.org/2013/08/05/the-marrakesh-treaty-for-the-blind-and-the-future-of-global-copyright/> Last visited (19/02/2021).
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ج. القوانين والأنظمة واللوائح والقرارات الأجنبية:
Copyright Law of the United States and Related Laws Contained in Title 17 of the United States Code, June 1976.
US Digital Millennium Copyright Act 1998.
US National library service for the blind and print disabled, approved March 3, 1931 (2 U.S.C. 135a; 46 Stat. 1487), contains those laws in effect on February 18, 2021.
US Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004.
An Act to provide books for the adult blind, approved March 3, 1931 (2 U.S.C. 135a; 46 Stat. 1487).
ح. قرارات قضائية:
Authors Guild Inc v HathiTrust 12-4547 (2d Cir. 2014).
Campbell v Acuff-Rose Music (92-1292) 510 U.S. 569 (1994).
Bill Graham Archives v Dorling Kindersley Ltd 448 F.3d 605, 609 (2d Cir 2006).
Sony Corp of America v Universal City Studios Inc 464 US 417 (1984(.
The Authors Guild Inc et al v Google Inc No. 12-3200 (2d Cir. 2013).
خ. المواقع الإلكترونية المهمة:
